Effect of TQ and TM on FN-mediated proinflammatory response in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. (A) TNF-α secreted from THP-1 after stimulation of FN strain ATCC25586 (Fn). THP-1 pretreatment before Fn-stimulation is indicated below the panel. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation from three repeats. Differences were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. Significant difference from FN-stimulation alone is shown by *P<0.05 or **P<0.01. (B) MTT assay of THP-1 with or without TQ treatment (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 or 50 µM), TM (5, 10, 25 or 50 µM), 1 mg/ml ZDBC or 50 µM CPC under FN-stimulation. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three repeats. Differences were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test. Significant differences from FN-stimulation alone (indicated by -) are indicated by **P<0.01. TQ, thymoquinone; TM, thymol; FN, Fusobacterium nucleatum; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; CPC, cetylpyridinium chloride; ZDBC, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate.