Table 2.
Analytes detected in each solvent fraction of Norway spruce and Kurile larch, grouped by chemical class and the class sum (n = 2), as compared to the literature.
| Chemical group | P. abies | L. gmelinii var. japonica | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Detected | Literature References | Detected | Literature References | |
| Fatty acids /alcohols (FA), free | Total: 0.20–0.36 mg/g Palimitic acid (16:0), margaric acid (17:0), pinoleic acid (5,9,12–18:3), linoleic acid (9,12–18:2), oleic acid (9–18:1), behenyl alcohol (22:0), linoceryl alcohol (24:0) | 0.6–3.4 mg/g (Willför et al., 2003a) 0.25–1.4 mg/g depending on latitude, detected more types (Nisula, 2018) | Total: 0.63–0.67 mg/g palmitic acid, margaric acid, Pinoleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, sciadonic acid (5,11,14–20:3) | 1.2–3.2 mg/g, found more types (Nisula, 2018) 0.86-1.1 mg/g in L. decidua (Zule et al., 2015) |
| Resin acids (RA) | Total: 0.55–1.00 mg/g levopimaric acid, pimaric acid, sandarapimaric acid, isopimaric acid, palustric acid, dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid | 0.48–1.5 mg/g (Nisula, 2018) 0.8–2.4 mg/g (Willför et al., 2003a) | Total: 1.17–1.38 mg/g levopimaric acid, communic acid, isopimaric acid, palustric acid, dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid, neoabietic acid | 0.47–1.7 mg/g (Nisula, 2018) 4.6–7.3 mg/g (RA+DT) in L. decidua (Zule et al., 2015) |
| Other diterpenoids (DT), free | Total: 0.09–0.26 mg/g Thunbergol, neoabienol, only S1: palustral*, palustrol* | Present (Nisula, 2018) 0.1–1.3 mg/g (Willför et al., 2003a)* RA precursors (Higuchi, 1997; Keeling and Bohlmann, 2006), were not reported in (Willför et al., 2003a; Nisula, 2018) | Total: 0.60–0.75 mg/g Thunbergol, manool (1 and 2), palustral*, (iso)pimarol*, neoabietol*, cedrol | Thunbergol - present, manool - 0.07–0.38 mg/g (Nisula, 2018) cedrol has not been reported for Larix gmelini var. japonica nor any other larch species* RA precursors (Higuchi, 1997; Keeling and Bohlmann, 2006) (Higuchi p 258) |
| Sterols (ST), free | Total: 0.26–0.33 mg/g campesterol, sitosterol, sitostanol | 0.24–0.36 mg/g (Nisula, 2018) 0.2–0.3 mg/g (Willför et al., 2003a) | Total: 0.05–0.06 mg/g campesterol, sitosterol | 0.12–0.14 mg/g (Nisula, 2018) 0.14–0.18 mg/g in L. decidua (Zule et al., 2015) Cycloartenol was additionally found in these references (Zule et al., 2015; Nisula, 2018) |
| Lignans (LI), monomeric | Total: 4.24–5.03 mg/g Dihydroxymatairesinol, 7r-todolactol, iso-lariciresionol, todolactol A, alpha-conidendric acid, lignan a, lignan b, matairesinol, hydroxymatairesinol 1, hydroxymatairesinol 2, mixed lignan signal, lariciresinol, iso-hydroxymatairesinol | 0.87–15 mg/g (Nisula, 2018) 0.0–2.5 mg/g (Willför et al., 2003a) secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol and nortrachelogenin were not detected in our case (Willför et al., 2003a; Nisula, 2018) | Detected, but not confirmed: isoliovil and dihydroxymatairesinol | 0.2–1 mg/g (Nisula, 2018) trace amounts (Zule et al., 2017) |
| Flavonoids (FL) | Detected, but not confirmed: naringenin, taxifolin | Trace amounts of dihydrokaempferol, taxifolin (Willför et al., 2004a) | Total: 18.45-35.73 mg/g naringenin, dihydrokaempferol, taxifolin 1, taxifolin 2 | 0.49-5.4 mg/g (Nisula, 2018) 15-36 mg/g in L. decidua (Nisula, 2018) 10-15 mg/g (FL + LI) in L. decidua (Zule et al., 2017) |
See Table S2 for the quantities obtained by the 2-solvent sequence. Fatty acids are given by their common names, the numbers in brackets show (position of double bond-number of carbons:number of double bonds).