. 2020 Jul 7;185:261–263. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.056

Table 1.

Bivariate Spearman correlation coefficients for all variables.

	Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality rate	Percentage white	Percentage overweight or obese	Population density	Median IMD	PM2.5
COVID-19 mortality rate^c	1.00
Percentage white^d	−0.607^a	1.00
Percentage overweight or obese^e	−0.198^a	0.450^a	1.00
Population density^f	0.615^a	−0.760^a	−0.251^a	1.00
Median IMD^g	0.243^a	−0.183^a	0.382^a	0.459^a	1.00
PM2.5^h	0.405^a	−0.671^a	−0.410^a	0.531^a	−0.143^b	1.00

IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; PM2.5, annual mean concentration of particulate matter.

p<0.01.

p<0.05.

https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/deathsinvolvingcovid19bylocalareaanddeprivation.

https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/uk-population-by-ethnicity/national-and-regional-populations/regional-ethnic-diversity/latest#ethnic-diversity-by-area.

Public Health England, Prevalence of underweight, healthy weight, overweight, obesity, and excess weight among adults at local authority level for England, available from Knowledge Hub, available from https://khub.net/group/guest.

Office for National Statistics, Population Estimates for UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2018, using pre-April 2019 local authority district geography, available from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland.

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2019.

https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/pcm-data#population_weighted_annual_mean_pm25_data.