FIGURE 1.

Chronic stress significantly changes open-field test results and corticosterone levels in rat serum. (A) The rats’ motion trails of the C and CS groups in the open-field test. (B) After 21 days of restraint stress, the center square duration, the total distance of movement, the rearing number, and the line crossing number were all significantly decreased compared with the C group. (C) Serum corticosterone levels increased significantly after 21 days of chronic stress compared with the C group. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the C group, n = 6, Poisson regression or Student’s t test.