Fig. 10.

Role of phase retrieval. Experimental data is replotted from Fig. 4 (error bars omitted for clarity). Solid lines show simulated focal shift based on phase-retrieved PSF models (replotted form Fig. 4). Dashed lines show focal shift simulations based on unaberrated PSF models. For each PSF, addition of phase aberrations to the PSF model improved correspondence between simulations and experimental data, particularly for thick samples and for engineered PSFs.