Table 2.

Grounding the emerging themes: the application of the honeycomb framework.

Building block	Description
Identity	Implies that users disclose information to project themselves in a certain way. Thus, users can be expected to instantaneously share news on social media to create awareness (INS) as doing so may enhance their sense of belonging and shape their identities in certain ways.
Conversations	Implies that social media users can be expected to keep the conversation on the group going by sharing trending information, sometimes with the purpose of creating awareness or, at other times, for the purpose of remaining active in the group. Thus, this block supports the INS measure as one of the aspects of sharing information and news online. It also explains why people may share fake news due to lack of time (LT) and religiosity (SR).
Sharing	Implies that members of social media groups are inclined to keep exchanging information with other users. In their desire to keep sharing content, users may not think of checking all the information they receive and may share it further without authentication, in favour of speed and popularity. Thus, this block can explain the behaviour related to SR and LT.
Presence	Refers to the affordances of social media that allow users to know how accessible other users are. This may gratify the social needs of users to connect with others and cause them to manifest SR and LT, knowing that they have an available audience.
Relationships	Implies that since the identities of the group members are generally known, it leads to more connectedness and results in the sharing of fake news or gossip, knowingly or inadvertently. Further, users can be expected to converse more freely in their known social groups as opposed to sharing information on sites that can be accessed by strangers as well. Thus, they might manifest SR and LT.
Reputation	Implies a concern for projecting a positive image that could motivate users to take corrective action against fake news circulating in their social network. It also causes users to authenticate news before sharing it, particularly news related to religion. This explains the behaviour of active corrective action on fake news (AC) and passive corrective action on fake news (PC). This argument also justifies why authentication of news before sharing (AN) is another aspect of the image-related utility behind the motivation to share factual information on online social media.
Groups	Implies that in the quest to remain popular within the group, social media users might share fake news, both non-religious and religious. It has been argued that fake news is also more sensational, and sharing it might provide some kind of gratification, e.g., entertainment. Thus, this block serves as the basis for anticipating manifestations of SR and LT.