Table 1. The selected 28 SDG monitoring indicators and their targets.
| Thematic topics | Health-related SDG indicator | Indicator description | Target source | Target description | Target year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child nutrition | 2.2.1 | Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years old (%) | Global Nutrition Targets 2025 | Achieve a 40% reduction in the number of children under 5 years old who are stunted. | 2025 |
| 2.2.2a | Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years old (%) | Global Nutrition Targets 2025 | Reduce and maintain childhood wasting to less than 5%. | 2025 | |
| 2.2.2b | Prevalence of overweight in children aged 2–4 years (%) | Global Nutrition Targets 2025 | Ensure that there is no increase in childhood overweight. | 2025 | |
| MCHRH | 3.1.1 | Maternal mortality ratio (maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) in women aged 10–54 years | SDG | By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births. | 2030 |
| 3.1.2 | Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%) | No | 2030 | ||
| 3.2.1 | Under-5 mortality rate (probability of dying before the age of 5 per 1,000 live births) | SDG | By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births. | 2030 | |
| 3.2.2 | Neonatal mortality rate (probability of dying during the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births) | SDG | By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births. | 2030 | |
| 3.b.1 | Geometric mean of the coverage of eight vaccines, conditional on inclusion in national vaccine schedules, in target populations (%) | SDG | Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and NCDs that primarily affect developing countries, provide access to affordable essential medicines and vaccines, in accordance with the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, which affirms the right of developing countries to use the full provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights regarding flexibilities to protect public health, and, in particular, provide access to medicines for all. | 2030 | |
| 3.7.1 | Proportion of women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods (%) | SDG | By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programs. | 2030 | |
| Infectious diseases | 3.3.1 | Age-standardized rate of new HIV infections (per 1,000 population) | Accelerating progress on HIV, TB, malaria, hepatitis, and NTDs | Reduce new HIV infections to less than 500,000 by 2020 (compared with 2.1 million new HIV infections in 2010) and, by 2030, reduce the annual number of new infections by 90%. | 2030 |
| 3.3.2 | Age-standardized rate of TB cases (per 100,000 population) | Accelerating progress on HIV, TB, malaria, hepatitis, and NTDs | Reduce TB incidence rate by 80% by 2030 (compared with 2015). | 2030 | |
| 3.3.3 | Age-standardized rate of malaria cases (per 1,000 population) | Global technical strategy for malaria, 2016–2030 | Reduce malaria case incidence by at least 90% by 2030 (compared with 2015). | 2030 | |
| 3.3.4 | Age-standardized rate of hepatitis B incidence (per 100,000 population) | Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis, 2016–2021 | Between 6 and 10 million infections are reduced to 0.9 million infections by 2030 (95% decline in hepatitis B virus infections, 80% decline in hepatitis C virus infections). | 2030 | |
| 3.3.5 | Age-standardized prevalence of the sum of 15 NTDs (%) *Prevalence estimates reported here may exceed 100% because they reflect the sum of prevalent cases of 15 NTDs | Accelerating progress on HIV, TB, malaria, hepatitis, and NTDs | The NTD community now has to operationalize its proposed indicator, deciding what “the end” of NTDs by 2030 means in terms of the number of people requiring interventions—globally as well as for individual countries and NTDs. Based on the projections mentioned above, a “90% reduction in the number of people requiring interventions” could be one milestone for success at the global level. | 2030 | |
| NCDs and mental health | 3.4.1 | Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease in populations aged 30–70 (per 100,000 population) | SDG | By 2030, reduce by one-third premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. | 2030 |
| 3.4.2 | Age-standardized death rate due to self-harm (per 100,000 population) | SDG | By 2030, reduce by one-third premature mortality from NCDs through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being. | 2030 | |
| 3.5.2 | Risk-weighted prevalence of alcohol consumption, as measured by the SEV for alcohol use (%) | Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs, 2013–2020 | At least 10% relative reduction in the harmful use of alcohol 2, as appropriate, within the national context. | 2025 | |
| 3.a.1 | Age-standardized prevalence of daily smoking in populations aged 10 years and older (%) | Global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs, 2013–2020 | A 30% relative reduction in prevalence of current tobacco use in persons aged 15+ years. | 2025 | |
| Road injuries | 3.6.1 | Age-standardized death rate due to road injuries (per 100,000 population) | SDG | By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents. | 2020 |
| Environmental health | 3.9.1 | Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) | SDG | By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination. | 2030 |
| 3.9.2 | Age-standardized death rate attributable to unsafe WaSH (per 100,000 population) | SDG | By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination. | 2030 | |
| 3.9.3 | Age-standardized death rate due to unintentional poisonings (per 100,000 population) | SDG | By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water, and soil pollution and contamination. | 2030 | |
| 6.1.1 | Risk-weighted prevalence of populations using unsafe or unimproved water sources, as measured by the SEV for unsafe water (%) | SDG | By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all. | 2030 | |
| 6.2.1a | Risk-weighted prevalence of populations using unsafe or unimproved sanitation, as measured by the SEV for unsafe sanitation (%) | SDG | By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations. | 2030 | |
| 6.2.1b | Risk-weighted prevalence of populations without access to a handwashing facility, as measured by the SEV for unsafe hygiene (%) | SDG | By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations. | 2030 | |
| 7.1.2 | Risk-weighted prevalence of household air pollution, as measured by the SEV for household air pollution (%) | SDG | By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services. | 2030 | |
| 11.6.2 | Population-weighted mean levels of fine PM smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) | WHO air quality guidelines for PM, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulphur dioxide: global update 2005: summary of risk assessment | An annual average concentration of 10 μg/m3 was chosen as the long-term guideline value for PM2.5. | 2030 | |
| UHC | 3.8.1 | Coverage of essential health services, as defined by the UHC index comprising the coverage of nine tracer interventions and risk-standardized death rates from 32 causes amenable to personal healthcare (scale of 0 to 100) | SDG | Achieve UHC, including financial risk protection; access to quality essential healthcare services; and access to safe, effective, quality, and affordable essential medicines and vaccines for all. | 2030 |
Abbreviations: MCHRH, maternal and child health and reproductive health; NCD, noncommunicable disease; NTD, neglected tropical disease; SDG, Sustainable Development Goal; SEV, summary exposure value; PM, particulate matter; TB, tuberculosis; TRIPS, trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights; UHC, universal health coverage; WaSH, water, sanitation, and hygiene