Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics Associated with Higher Spending Among Pediatric Medicaid Beneficiaries with a Mental Health Diagnosis, from an Adjusted Regression Model
| Independent predictors of being in Highest Spending Group Adjusted3 Odds Ratio (95%CI) |
|
|---|---|
| N | |
| Demographic Characteristics | |
| Age in years | |
| 3–8 | 1.01 (0.95, 1.09) |
| 9–12 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) |
| 13–17 | Ref |
| Male, N (%) | 1.15 (1.09, 1.21) |
| Race/ethnicity | |
| White, non-Hispanic | Ref |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.17 (1.1, 1.24) |
| Hispanic | 0.91 (0.82, 1.03) |
| Other | 1.07 (0.9, 1.26) |
| Missing | 0.74 (0.69, 0.8) |
| Type of Medicaid plan | |
| Fee-for-service | 2.23 (2.11, 2.36) |
| Capitated | Ref |
| Medicaid eligibility | |
| Disability | 2.7 (2.54, 2.87) |
| Income | Ref |
| Missing | 1.12 (0.86, 1.46) |
| Mental health conditions1 | |
| Anxiety disorders | 1.07 (0.99, 1.15) |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 0.6 (0.56, 0.64) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 0.77 (0.71, 0.82) |
| Bipolar disorder | 1.95 (1.78, 2.14) |
| Communication disorders | 0.79 (0.73, 0.85) |
| Depressive disorders | 1.28 (1.19, 1.39) |
| Developmental disorder | 1.94 (1.81, 2.07) |
| Disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders | 1.52 (1.42, 1.63) |
| Intellectual disability | 2.51 (2.35, 2.68) |
| Learning disorders | 0.76 (0.7, 0.81) |
| Psychotic disorders | 1.51 (1.33, 1.71) |
| Substance use disorders | 1.35 (1.21, 1.5) |
| Suicide attempt | 5.48 (4.96, 6.04) |
| Suicide ideation | 1.81 (1.61, 2.04) |
| Tic disorders | 1.31 (1.19, 1.43) |
| Other mental health condition | 1.82 (1.71, 1.93) |
| Number of mental health conditions | |
| 1 | Ref |
| 2 | 1.16 (1.08, 1.24) |
| 3 or more | 1.23 (1.11, 1.35) |
| Physical health conditions2 | |
| None | Ref |
| Chronic, non-complex | 2.12 (1.9, 2.36) |
| Complex chronic | 19.98 (18.02, 22.16) |
1
Patients could have MH conditions in more than 1 category;
2
Physical health condition categories are mutually exclusive.
3
The model is adjusted for all covariates represented in the table.