Fig. 4.

Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed end-stage upregulation of astrocytic expression. Representative images (magnification × 40, scale bar = 50 μm) of fixed brain sections of the lateral temporal cortex stained for a Iba1, b GFAP and c AQP4 with cases determined as i) Braak (Br) stage 0–2, ii) Br 3–4 and iii) Br 5–6 shown. Markers quantified as % area stained and stratified according to d, f, h diagnosis and e, g, i disease severity (low, Braak 0–2; moderate, Braak 3–4; severe, Braak 5–6). Significant post hoc inter-group differences are indicated (*). Quantification of Iba1 (n = 24), GFAP (n = 24), AQP4 (n = 26), reported as scatter plots with means with 95% confidence intervals, *p < 0.05