Fig. 1.

Determination of inflammatory cytokines and gSOCS3 protein levels in the injured spinal cord of gecko and cell cultures. A, B Inflammatory cytokine profiles of 0.5-cm cord segments at the lesion sites following gecko tail amputation at 0, 1, and 3 days (d) and 1 week (w). Each data point shows the mean of two separate experiments with 10 animals/sample. C Production of TNF-α and IL-1β assessed by ELISA after RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with recombinant GM-CSF (50 ng/mL) and/or IFN-γ (10 ng/mL) for 2 h. D Western blots of gSOCS3 and STAT1/3/5 phosphorylation in 0.5-cm segments of injured spinal cord at different times following gecko tail amputation (n = 6). E Statistical analysis of data as in (D). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05.