. 2020 Jul 7;50(9):1191–1204. doi: 10.1007/s00247-020-04713-1

Table 5.

Common pediatric diagnostic and interventional aerosol-generating procedures in which personal protective equipment (PPE) for airborne (aerosol) and contact precautions is recommended (modified guidelines from the Society of Interventional Radiology [70] and authors’ multi-institutional experience and understanding as of April 2020)

Aerosol-generating procedures^a	Recommended PPE: airborne precautions^b
Procedure itself potentially aerosolizing • Intussusception reduction (either air or liquid contrast) • Nasogastric or nasoenteric tube placements • Scintigraphic ventilation scan • Gastrostomy or gastrojejunostomy tube placements or exchanges • Bronchial stenting	• Respirator • Eye shield • Gown • Gloves
Procedure with risk of cough and aerosolization • Feeding studies, esophagrams and upper gastrointestinal studies when higher risk of aspiration • Nasogastric or nasoenteric tube placements • Scintigraphic gastric emptying study • Gastrostomy or gastrojejunostomy placements or exchanges • Pleural drain placement or drainage • Lung biopsies • Bronchial stenting
Airway manipulation and potential aerosolization • Requiring intubation or extubation • Receiving ventilator support that might result in mechanical aerosolizaton • Requiring airway suctioning

Aerosol-generating procedures^a

Recommended PPE: airborne precautions^b

Procedure itself potentially aerosolizing

• Intussusception reduction (either air or liquid contrast)

• Nasogastric or nasoenteric tube placements

• Scintigraphic ventilation scan

• Gastrostomy or gastrojejunostomy tube placements or exchanges

• Bronchial stenting

• Respirator

• Eye shield

• Gown

• Gloves

Procedure with risk of cough and aerosolization

• Feeding studies, esophagrams and upper gastrointestinal studies when higher risk of aspiration

• Nasogastric or nasoenteric tube placements

• Scintigraphic gastric emptying study

• Gastrostomy or gastrojejunostomy placements or exchanges

• Pleural drain placement or drainage

• Lung biopsies

• Bronchial stenting

Airway manipulation and potential aerosolization

• Requiring intubation or extubation

• Receiving ventilator support that might result in mechanical aerosolizaton

• Requiring airway suctioning

^aBold font procedures are commonly performed in diagnostic radiology

^bThese recommendations are primarily for patients who are of COVID-19-positive or indeterminate status. If they are COVID-19-negative, then patient-appropriate PPE can be used (e.g., no respirator)