TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants from the Gingko Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study (2000‐2008) by number of sensory impairments
| Characteristic n (%) or mean (SD) | No sensory impairment (n = 1480) | Single sensory impairment (n = 467) | Dual sensory impairment (n = 104) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a, mean (SD) | 78.4 (3.1) | 78.5 (3.2) | 79.1 (3.5) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 653 (44.1) | 218 (46.7) | 34 (32.7) |
| Male | 827 (55.9) | 249 (53.3) | 70 (67.3) |
| Race | |||
| White | 1,438 (97.2) | 451 (96.6) | 100 (96.1) |
| Non‐white | 42 (2.8) | 16 (3.4) | 4 (3.9) |
| Education (years), mean (SD) | 14.6 (3.1) | 14.3 (3.4) | 14.0 (3.2) |
| Body mass indexb, mean (SD) | 27.1 (4.2) | 27.3 (4.2) | 27.1 (4.1) |
| Cardiovascular diseasec | 317 (21.5) | 105 (22.5) | 26 (25.0) |
| Cerebrovascular diseased | 112 (7.6) | 48 (9.2) | 11 (10.6) |
| Diabetes | 134 (9.1) | 43 (9.2) | 13 (12.5) |
| Hypertensione | 804 (54.3) | 241 (51.2) | 58 (55.8) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current smoker | 71 (4.8) | 16 (3.4) | 5 (4.8) |
| Former smoker | 813 (54.9) | 276 (59.1) | 61 (58.7) |
| Never smoker | 596 (40.3) | 175 (37.5) | 38 (36.5) |
| Drinks per week, mean (SD) | 3.7 (6.7) | 3.5 (6.6) | 5.0 (8.0) |
| Blocks/miles walked per week, mean (SD) | 7.3 (8.6) | 7.8 (10.0) | 6.9 (7.9) |
| 3MSE scoref, mean (SD) | 93.6 (4.6) | 93.0 (4.7) | 91.9 (4.7) |
| APOE ε4g | |||
| ≥1 ε4 allele | 356 (24.1) | 109 (23.3) | 23 (22.1) |
| No ε4 allele | 1,124 (75.9) | 358 (76.7) | 81 (77.9) |
| Treatment status | |||
| G. biloba | 747 (50.5) | 233 (49.9) | 53 (51.0) |
| Placebo | 733 (49.5) | 234 (50.1) | 51 (49.0) |
a
Age = age at randomization.
b
Body mass index = kg/m2.
c
Cardiovascular disease = self‐reported history of the following conditions (heart attack, angina, heart failure, coronary bypass surgery, balloon angioplasty).
d
Cerebrovascular disease = self‐reported history of stroke, or transient ischemic attack/small stroke.
e
Hypertension = blood pressure >140/90, or use of anti‐hypertensives.
f
3MSE score = Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination.
g
APOE ε4 = apolipoprotein E ε4 allele.