Figure 2.

Case 1. (A) In the hybrid operating room, we were able to obtain guidance for transformational approach from the skin. The discography was done precisely. (B) The guidance for the Interlaminar approach. Intraoperative CT data after the discography was used to navigate. We could easily direct to the L4/5 level with navigation guidance and confirmed the level. (C) We could confirm the anatomy from the endoscopic view and real time navigation image. During the whole procedure, the current position could be always confirmed in the 3D navigation.