Table II.
Characteristics of all studies included
| Authors | Year of publication | Country | CBPs | HCAIs targeted | Study design | Population | Setting | Period of data collection |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chun et al. 2016 | 2016 | Republic of South Korea | Hand hygiene | MRSA | Retrospective, one university hospital | 372 episodes of MRSA and 470 episodes of MRSA were detected. MRSA was classified into community onset MRSA (N = 225) and hospital onset MRSA (N = 245). | Seoul National University Bundang Hospital | 2008–2014 |
| Chowers et al., 2015 | 2015 | Israel | Prevention and control program (screening with nasal swab + additional contact isolation precautions + basic precautions with gloves and gowns + eradication treatment + nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine body wash) | MRSA | Matched case–control historical cohort prospective study, one academic hospital | 73 patients were admitted with the infection and 53 developed bacteraemia during hospitalization. In the latter group, i.e. cases with hospital-acquired MRSA bacteraemia, 101 patients were matched to as controls | Meir Medical Center is an academic hospital with 742 beds and approximately 60,000 admissions per year; single hospital in Israel | 2005–2011 |
| Bessesen et al., 2013 | 2013∗ | USA | Two additional contact precautions (contact precautions as defined by CDC + contact precaution use of gloves only) | MRSA | Prospective, comparative of 2 tertiary care hospitals | Hospital A, N = 159 Hospital B, N = 145 colonized patients |
2 Department of Veterans Affairs tertiary care medical centres. Hospital A has 137 acute care beds; hospital B has 121 acute care beds | 2006 |
| Hassan et al., 2007 | 2007 | UK | Screening using polymerase chain reaction | MRSA | Retrospective, one general hospital | 686 consecutive patients admitted to two adult orthopaedic wards were screened for MRSA on admission over a period of 3 months in 2005 in a district general hospital. 10 infected | Rotherham General Hospital NHS Trust | 3-month period during 2005 |
| Montecalvo et al., 2001 | 2001 | Netherlands | Prevention and control programme (screening + basic precautions with gloves and gowns + patient education by nurses + antimicrobial control using nurse monitoring) | VRE | Retrospective historical data, one hospital | 520 admissions to the study unit | Adult oncology unit of a 650-bed hospital | — |
| van Rijen et al., 2009 | 2009 | USA | Search and destroy (screening + additional precaution isolation + basic precautions with gowns, gloves, masks) + cleaning and sanitation + contact tracing + treatment of carriers + closure of wards + outbreak situation) | MRSA | Prospective, one teaching hospital | During the study period, on average, 38,943 patients were admitted annually to this hospital, with 282,585 patient days per year (mean numbers for the period 2001 through 2006) | Amphia hospital, a teaching hospital with 1370 beds | 2001–2006 |
| Wassenberg et al., 2011 | 2011 | Netherlands | Different MRSA screening regimes using rapid diagnostic testing (using ‘nares only’ chromogenic agar, IDI, GeneXpert, and screening of all body sites) + additional precaution isolation | MRSA | Prospective, multicentre hospitals (five university hospitals, nine teaching hospitals) | Among 1764 patients at MRSA risk | Study was performed in 14 Dutch hospitals (five university hospitals, nine teaching hospitals) | December 2005 to June 2008 |
CBP, clinical best care practice; HCAI, healthcare-associated infection; MRSA, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci.