Table IV.
Economic evaluation characteristics of all studies included
| Costs (A) |
Savings (B) |
Net cost savings (B-A) |
Incremental benefit cost ratio (IBCR) (B/A) |
|||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | CBPs | Economic evaluation method | Analysis perspective | Time horizon | Discounting | Sensitivity analysis | Price date | Currency | Min | Mean | Max | Min | Mean | Max | Min | Mean | Max | Min | Mean | Max |
| Chun et al., 2016 | Hand hygiene | CBA (CB ratio) | Patient and caregivers | 2008–2014 | No | Yes | 2005 | $US | 167 495 | 851 565 | 0.94 | 5.08 | 8.76 | |||||||
| Chowers et al., 2015 | Prevention and control program (screening with nasal swab + additional contact isolation precautions + basic precautions with gloves and gowns + eradication treatment + nasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine body wash) | CBA (CSA per year) | Hospital | 2005–2011 | No | Yes | 2011 | $US | 208 100 | 199 600 | ||||||||||
| Bessesen et al., 2013 | Two additional contact precautions (contact precautions as defined by CDC + contact precaution use of gloves only) | CMA (CSA per year) | Hospital | 2006 | No | No | 2006 | $US | 25 812 | 183 609 | ||||||||||
| Hassan et al., 2007 | Screening using PCR | CA (CSA per year) | Hospital | 3-month period during 2005 | No | No | 2005 | £ | 261 000 | 301 000 | ||||||||||
| Montecalvo et al., 2001 | Prevention and control program (screening + basic precautions with gloves and gowns + patient education by nurses + antimicrobial control using nurse monitoring) | CBA (CSA per year) | Hospital | (–) | No | No | 1995 | $US | 97 939 | 148 883 | 271 531 | 412 461 | 189 318 | |||||||
| van Rijen et al., 2009 | Search and destroy (screening + additional precaution isolation + basic precautions with gowns, gloves, masks) + cleaning and sanitation + contact tracing + treatment of carriers + closure of wards + outbreak situation) | CBA (CSA per year) | Hospital | 2001–2006 | No | Yes | 2006 | € | 215 559 | 427 356 | ||||||||||
| Wassenberg et al., 2011 | Different MRSA screening regimes using rapid diagnostic testing (using ‘nares only’ chromogenic agar, IDI, GeneXpert) + additional precaution isolation | CEA (per isolation day avoided) | Hospital | December 2005–June 2008 | No | No | 2008 | € | 15.19 | 30.83 | 45.37 | |||||||||
| Wassenberg et al., 2011 | Different MRSA screening regimes using rapid diagnostic testing (using Chromogenic agar, IDI, GeneXpert when all body sites had been screened) + additional precaution isolation | CEA (per isolation day avoided) | Hospital | December 2005–June 2008 |
No | No | 2008 | € | 19.95 | 95.77 | 125.43 | |||||||||
CB, Cost Benefit Analyis; CBA, cost–benefit analysis; CBP, clinical best care practices; CDC, Centers for Disease Control; CEA, cost–effectiveness analysis; CSA, Cost Savings Analysis; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.