Table 1.

Behavioural changes commonly seen in geriatric cats with cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) are summarised by the acronym VISHDAAL [1].

Behavioural Changes Related to CDS (VISHDAAL):
Inappropriate Vocalisation, especially at night
Altered social Interaction with the family and/or other pets
Changes in Sleep/wake patterns
House-soiling
Spatial and temporal Disorientation e.g., forgetting the location of their litterbox or that they have been fed
Changes in Activity e.g., aimless wandering Anxiety Learning and memory deficits