Table 3.

Effect of light, pen temperature, nest temperature, on the observed behaviour in suckling piglets.

	Mean	Light					T° Pen					T° Nest
		Effect	Estimate	se	Chi sq	p-Value	Effect	Estimate	se	Chi sq	p-Value	Effect	Estimate	se	Chi sq	p-Value
Pen exploration 1	32.5	↔	0.01	0.01	0.49	0.484	↔	0.07	0.01	1.13	0.289	↔	−0.04	0.07	0.40	0.529
Negative social behaviour 1	6.7	↔	0.01	0.35	0.86	0.354	↓	−0.18	0.01	3.93	0.047	↔	−0.02	0.08	0.05	0.151
Other active behaviour 1	45.4	↔	−0.01	0.01	1.23	0.268	↔	0.06	0.06	0.81	0.369	↔	−0.03	0.08	0.11	0.153
Inactive behaviour 2	56.6	↔	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.879	↔	0.01	0.02	0.05	0.829	↔	0.01	0.02	0.07	0.787
Tail biting 3	7.9	↓	−0.04	0.02	7.25	0.007	↔	−0.12	0.11	1.31	0.253	↔	−0.07	0.12	0.32	0.584
Curly tails 4	67.2	↔	−0.00	0.00	0.71	0.399	↓	−0.04	0.01	7.17	0.007	↔	−0.02	0.07	0.99	0.320
Hanging down tails 4	22.1	↔	−0.01	0.01	1.05	0.306	↑	0.16	0.06	7.29	0.007	↓	−0.18	0.07	6.16	0.013
Tucking down tails 4	10.5	↔	-0.00	0.01	0.199	0.656	↔	0.08	0.07	1.190	0.275	↓	−0.15	0.07	4.29	0.038

↓ = negative effect; ↑ = positive effect; ↔ = no effect. ¹ The values were calculated as the mean of the behaviour/ total active behaviour observed (%). ² The values were calculated as the mean of inactive behaviour/total active behaviours observed (%). ³ The values were mean of the piglets showing the behaviour/ total of piglets in each litter (%).⁴ The values were means of the frequency of piglets’ exhibiting the tail posture in each litter (%). Values in bold evidenced significant association (p < 0.05).