Table 1.
Ingredients and their nutrient compositions and realized average intakes with the control and the extruded linseed diets7 in the loose and tied-housing systems (means ± standard deviation).
| Mixed Part of the Diet | Supplementary Concentrates | Linseed | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Component | Grass Silage | Corn Silage | Hay | Beet Pulp | Concentrate1 | Rich in Protein2 | Rich in Energy3 | Corn Flour | Product |
| Dry matter (g·kg−1) | 459 | 417 | 899 | 260 | 882 | 863 | 865 | 859 | 933 |
| Nutrients (g·kg−1 of dry matter) | |||||||||
| Organic matter | 917 | 970 | 914 | 900 | 917 | 919 | 923 | 989 | 957 |
| Crude protein | 94 | 62 | 109 | 83 | 563 | 413 | 182 | 79 | 180 |
| Neutral detergent fiber | 463 | 328 | 506 | 435 | 221 | 127 | 161 | 161 | 398 |
| Acid detergent fiber | 303 | 193 | 295 | 230 | 135 | 95 | 85 | 52 | 215 |
| Acid detergent lignin | 37.7 | 33.8 | 37.1 | 29.2 | 50.4 | 32.5 | 32.5 | 22.1 | 103 |
| Ether extract4 | 20.8 | 29.6 | 17.5 | 3.9 | 42.0 | 37.4 | 62.1 | 35.7 | 255 |
| Realized DM intake (kg·day–1 per cow) | |||||||||
| Loose housing (group observations)5 | |||||||||
| Control | 6.38 ± 0.13 | 3.30 ± 0.07 | 2.32 ± 0.05 | 0.94 ± 0.02 | 1.50 ± 0.03 | 1.55 ± 0.53 | 1.05 ± 1.72 | 2.16 ± 0.05 | - |
| Linseed | 6.40 ± 0.14 | 3.31 ± 0.07 | 2.32 ± 0.05 | 0.94 ± 0.02 | 1.50 ± 0.03 | 1.73 | 1.14 ± 1.39 | - | 2.19 ± 0.05 |
| Tied housing (individual observations)6 | |||||||||
| Control | 6.60 ± 0.80 | 3.41 ± 0.42 | 2.40 ± 0.29 | 0.97 ± 0.12 | 1.55 ± 0.19 | 1.73 | 1.14 ± 1.62 | 2.23 ± 0.27 | - |
| Linseed | 6.40 ± 0.82 | 3.31 ± 0.43 | 2.33 ± 0.30 | 0.94 ± 0.12 | 1.51 ± 0.19 | 1.73 | 1.15 ± 1.67 | - | 2.19 ± 0.28 |
1 Composed of soybean meal, dried distillers grains with solubles, rapeseed cake, rapeseed meal, milling byproducts, malt culms, corn gluten meal, and minerals (UFA AG, Herzogenbuchsee, Switzerland). 2 Composed of soybean meal, corn gluten meal, rapeseed cake, dextrose, sugar beet molasses, vitamin–mineral mixture, fruit syrup, vegetable fat, and minerals (Thurtalfutter AG, Frauenfeld, Switzerland). 3 Composed of barley, triticale, maize, rapeseed cake, soybean meal, peas, wheat, oat, sugar beet molasses, vegetable fat, vitamin-mineral mixture, corn gluten meal, fruit syrup, and minerals (Thurtalfutter AG, Frauenfeld, Switzerland). 4 Proportions of the fatty acids as analyzed (g·100 g−1 of total analyzed fatty acids) C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:2 n-6, and C18:3 n-3 were 16.4, 1.98, 15.5, 33.0, and 24.8 in the total mixed part of the diet; 10.9, 2.18, 26.0, 54.0, and 4.51 in corn flour; and 7.04, 4.10, 16.8, 17.7, and 52.1 in linseed, respectively. 5 Average of group observations in the loose-housing system (two treatments × 4 days). Dry matter intake (DMI) per cow was calculated by dividing the group DMI by the number of cows. 6 Average of individual observations in the tied-housing system (two treatments × six animals). 7Contents (g/kg dry matter) of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, and ether extract were 934, 153, 351, 212, 35, and 28 for the complete control diet and 930, 165, 377, 230, 44, and 53 for the complete linseed diet, respectively.