Table A2.
Energy balance of cows from control and linseed treatments determined individually in the tied-housing phase (six cows per treatment; means ± standard deviation).
| Item | Control | Linseed | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy intake (MJ/day) | |||
| Gross energy (GE) | 357.8 ± 30.8 | 361.9 ± 37.6 | 0.840 |
| Digestible energy | 273.5 ± 14.3 | 276.5 ± 33.8 | 0.843 |
| Metabolizable energy (ME) | 236.5 ± 14.8 | 241.5 ± 34.3 | 0.750 |
| Energy loss (MJ/day) | |||
| Feces | 84.3 ± 17.1 | 85.3 ± 13.3 | 0.906 |
| Urine | 9.9 ± 0.9 | 10.4 ± 3.1 | 0.717 |
| Methane | 27.1 ± 2.2 | 24.7 ± 1.9 | 0.063 |
| Heat | 119.1 ± 10.7 | 118.2 ± 6.2 | 0.858 |
| Total energy loss | 240.4 ± 25.5 | 238.6 ± 16.7 | 0.887 |
| Energy retention (MJ/day) | |||
| Milk | 83.1 ± 17.7 | 95.7 ± 29.2 | 0.386 |
| Body | 34.3 ± 12.8 | 27.6 ± 17.1 | 0.458 |
| Energy turnover (kJ·MJ−1 of GE intake) | |||
| Feces | 234 ± 26 | 236 ± 34 | 0.885 |
| Urine | 28 ± 4 | 29 ± 10 | 0.750 |
| Methane | 76 ± 10 | 69 ± 6 | 0.131 |
| Heat | 333 ± 17 | 328 ± 24 | 0.700 |
| Total energy loss | 671 ± 17 | 663 ± 52 | 0.712 |
| Milk | 231 ± 40 | 260 ± 54 | 0.313 |
| Body | 98 ± 41 | 77 ± 47 | 0.440 |
| Heat (kJ·MJ−1 of ME intake) | 503 ± 24 | 495 ± 54 | 0.743 |
| Energy utilization (%) | |||
| Apparent digestibility | 76.6 ± 2.6 | 76.4 ± 3.4 | 0.885 |
| Metabolizability (q) | 66.2 ± 1.6 | 66.6 ± 3.7 | 0.822 |
| kL1 (estimated from q) | 62.2 ± 0.4 | 62.3 ± 0.9 | 0.882 |
| kL1 (direct calculation) | 57.0 ± 2.6 | 58.1 ± 2.4 | 0.493 |
| Supply over estimated requirements | |||
| Net energy for lactation (MJ) | 21.8 ± 12.6 | 12.5 ± 16.6 | 0.299 |
| % deviation from requirements | 18.8 ± 14.1 | 10.7 ± 13.6 | 0.335 |
| ME (MJ) | 32.5 ± 19.9 | 17.3 ± 26.0 | 0.282 |
| % deviation from requirements | 17.3 ± 13.5 | 9.3 ± 13.0 | 0.327 |
1 Proportionate utilization of ME for milk energy formation.