Table 1.
Assessment of risk of bias.
| RSG1 | AC2 | BoPaP3 | BoOA4 | IOD5 | SR6 | OB7 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chaves 2010 | + | − | − | − | + | + | + |
| Chaves 2013 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Visscher 2004 | + | − | + | + | ? | ? | + |
| Gomes 2014 | + | − | + | − | + | + | − |
| Silva 2005 | − | − | + | − | ? | ? | − |
| Haddad 2012 | − | − | − | − | ? | ? | + |
| Farella 2000 | − | − | + | + | ? | ? | − |
| Maia 2012 | + | + | + | − | − | − | + |
| Ayesh 2007 | − | − | − | − | + | + | − |
| Vignolo 2008 | − | − | − | − | ? | ? | − |
| Cioffi 2015 | + | + | + | + | − | − | + |
| Silveira 2014 | − | − | + | + | ? | ? | ? |
| Costa 2015 | − | − | + | + | − | − | − |
| Ayesh 2006 | − | − | − | + | ? | ? | + |
| Oono 2012 | − | − | − | + | + | + | + |
| Craane 2012 | + | + | + | + | − | − | + |
| Laat 2003 | + | + | + | + | − | − | + |
| Öz 2010 | + | + | + | + | − | − | + |
| Magri 2017 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Nilner 2008 | + | + | + | + | − | − | − |
| Isleé 2001 | − | − | − | − | ? | ? | ? |
| Piekartz 2014 | + | + | + | + | − | − | − |
| Bernhardt 2007 | − | − | − | − | ? | ? | + |
| Silveira 2014 | − | − | + | − | ? | ? | + |
| Ferreira 2017 | + | + | + | − | + | + | + |
1Random sequence generation, 2allocation concealment, 3blinding of participants and personnel, 4blinding of outcome assessment, 5incomplete outcome data, 6selective reporting, and 7other bias. Risk of bias high (−), risk of bias low (+), and risk of bias unknown (?).