Table 1.

Main pharmacokinetic parameters of para-aminohippuric acid and iohexol clearance following the IV administration of 10 mg para-aminohippuric acid and 64.7 mg iohexol/kg bodyweight (BW) to different poultry species. Values (n = 8) are presented as mean ± SD.

Species	Sex	Iohexol	PAH-LD
		Cl (mL/min)	Cl (mL/min)	Cl/BW (mL/min/kg)	Vd (L)	AUC0→inf (h × µg/mL)	C0 (µg/mL)	T1/2el (h)	MRT (h)
Turkey	♂	23.51 ± 0.68	643.1 ± 107.8	52.66 ± 8.88	9.51 ± 5.20	3.23 ± 0.52	15.17 ± 6.48	0.17 ± 0.06	0.24 ± 0.09
	♀	14.85 ± 2.35	474.2 ± 208.6	52.51 ± 20.96	5.58 ± 2.12	3.29 ± 1.11	16.83 ± 6.17	0.15 ± 0.07	0.21 ± 0.10
Duck	♂	12.63 ± 2.24	295.3 ± 67.6	82.86 ± 14.87	2.48 ± 1.05	2.05 ± 0.32	15.99 ± 5.69	0.09 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.03
	♀	7.34 ± 1.39	238.6 ± 60.75	119.3 ± 30.73	2.07 ± 0.88	1.46 ± 0.35	11.22 ± 5.15	0.10 ± 0.03	0.14 ± 0.04
Broiler chicken	♂	6.36 ± 1.13	156.4 ± 44.75	70.16 ± 10.34	2.34 ± 1.70	2.41 ± 0.35	12.32 ± 5.53	0.18 ± 0.14	0.26 ± 0.20
	♀	5.48 ± 0.34	120.2 ± 10.30	63.14 ± 5.51	1.84 ± 0.41	2.66 ± 0.25	10.54 ± 0.67	0.18 ± 0.03	0.25 ± 0.04
Laying chicken	♂	8.83 ± 0.89	142.3 ± 27.39	79.44 ± 15.46	1.31 ± 0.58	2.16 ± 0.41	15.64 ± 6.07	0.10 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.04
	♀	9.30 ± 0.75	237.8 ± 54.24	160.9 ± 32.90	2.39 ± 0.39	1.08 ± 0.28	6.27 ± 0.99	0.12 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.02
Pigeon	♂	3.13 ± 0.43	75.74 ± 16.68	136.5 ± 30.06	0.87 ± 0.45	1.25 ± 0.28	7.40 ± 3.86	0.13 ± 0.04	0.18 ± 0.06
	♀	4.58 ± 0.68	66.37 ± 13.24	127.9 ± 21.22	0.75 ± 0.75	1.32 ± 0.22	14.11 ± 14.38	0.15 ± 0.16	0.21 ± 0.23

IV, intravenous; BW, bodyweight; Cl, total body clearance; PAH-LD, para-aminohippuric acid low dose; Vd, volume of distribution; AUC_0→inf, area under the plasma concentration time curve extrapolated to infinity; C₀, plasma concentration at time 0; T_1/2el, the elimination half-life; MRT, mean residence time.