Fig. 1.

Diabetic milieu induces mitochondrial oxidative stress and decreases mitochondrial function of glomerular endothelial cells. a Representative histograms of MitoSOX low and bright fluorescence in mGEC control cells in normal glucose (NG; 5.5 mM glucose) or after culture with either control serum (CS), or diabetic serum (DS) for 24 h without or with mitoTEMPO (mTEMPO; 5μg/ml). b Representative images of mitochondrial networks detected by mitoTracker Red in NG, CS, DS treated mGECs without or with mTEMPO. Scale = 50 μm. c Mitochondrial respiratory reserve capacity was measured by oxygen consumption rate (OCR; Uncoupled respiration (FCCP) over basal respiration) and glycolysis as determined by measurements of d extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in NG, high glucose (HG; 30 mM glucose), CS, DS treated mGECs. Bars represent mean ± s.e.m. of 3–4 independent experiments; *P < 0.05 versus NG controls