Table 5.
Determinants of C-section: univariate and multivariable analysis
| Univariate | Adjusted for clinical indication | Adjusted for previous C-section | Adjusted for multiple birth, presentation, and gestational age | Adjusted for maternal age and parity a | Adjusted for maternal clinical indication, previous C-section, age, and parity a | Adjusted for all a | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR [95% CI] | P value | OR [95% CI] | P Value | OR [95% CI] | P value | OR [95% CI] | Pvalue | OR [95% CI] | P Value | OR [95% CI] | P Value | OR [95% CI] | P value | |
| Occupation | ||||||||||||||
| Housewives | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Small business | 1.2 (1.06;1.37) | 0.0038 | 1.07 (0.87;1.33) | 0.5140 | 1.15 (0.99;1.34) | 0.0644 | 1.12 (0.96;1.31) | 0.1412 | 1.12 (0.98;1.27) | 0.0894 | 1.03 (0.83;1.29) | 0.7762 | 1.04 (0.79;1.37) | 0.7823 |
| Professional | 1.43 (1.23;1.65) | 0.0000 | 1.24 (0.96;1.61) | 0.0925 | 1.31 (1.09;1.56) | 0.0032 | 1.41 (1.18;1.68) | 0.0001 | 1.22 (1.04;1.42) | 0.0117 | 1.08 (0.83;1.41) | 0.5451 | 1.11 (0.80;1.54) | 0.5431 |
| Student | 0.86 (0.72;1.01) | 0.0656 | 1.11 (0.86;1.42) | 0.4373 | 1.16 (0.98;1.38) | 0.0873 | 0.87 (0.72;1.07) | 0.1850 | 0.98 (0.82;1.16) | 0.8004 | 1.07 (0.82;1.38) | 0.6282 | 1.02 (0.73;1.43) | 0.8920 |
| Overall p-value | 0.0000 | 0.3726 | 0.0105 | 0.0002 | 0.0413 | 0.9102 | 0.9420 | |||||||
| Age of Mother | ||||||||||||||
| < 16 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 16–20 years | 1 (0.47;2.13) | 0.9993 | 0.76 (0.28;2.11) | 0.6015 | 0.91 (0.43;1.93) | 0.8050 | 1.03 (0.36;2.95) | 0.9617 | 1 (0.47;2.12) | 0.9943 | 0.75 (0.27;2.08) | 0.5789 | 1.24 (0.20;7.85) | 0.8210 |
| 21–25 years | 1.08 (0.51;2.29) | 0.8361 | 0.75 (0.27;2.06) | 0.5748 | 0.87 (0.41;1.83) | 0.7075 | 1.11 (0.39;3.17) | 0.8438 | 1.11 (0.53;2.36) | 0.7778 | 0.78 (0.28;2.16) | 0.6326 | 1.24 (0.20;7.83) | 0.8183 |
| 26–30 years | 1.48 (0.70;3.14) | 0.3020 | 0.78 (0.29;2.16) | 0.6385 | 0.93 (0.44;1.97) | 0.8522 | 1.51 (0.53;4.32) | 0.4379 | 1.65 (0.78;3.49) | 0.1936 | 0.91 (0.32;2.54) | 0.8536 | 1.53 (0.24;9.73) | 0.6545 |
| 31–35 years | 1.86 (0.87;3.95) | 0.1073 | 0.96 (0.34;2.66) | 0.9331 | 1.05 (0.49;2.24) | 0.8999 | 1.82 (0.64;5.23) | 0.2645 | 2.23 (1.04;4.76) | 0.0389 | 1.38 (0.48;3.92) | 0.5499 | 2.26 (0.35;14.63) | 0.3918 |
| 36–40 years | 1.88 (0.87;4.04) | 0.1063 | 0.73 (0.25;2.12) | 0.5670 | 0.93 (0.42;2.03) | 0.8476 | 1.82 (0.62;5.29) | 0.2738 | 2.48 (1.14;5.38) | 0.0221 | 1.21 (0.40;3.62) | 0.7387 | 1.18 (0.17;8.22) | 0.8670 |
| > 40 years | 2.5 (1.08;5.81) | 0.0326 | 1.35 (0.41;4.49) | 0.6238 | 1.77 (0.74;4.22) | 0.1981 | 2.09 (0.65;6.69) | 0.2149 | 3.68 (1.56;8.69) | 0.0030 | 2.96 (0.86;10.21) | 0.0864 | 2.55 (0.31;21.12) | 0.3847 |
| Overall p-value | 0.0000 | 0.3577 | 0.0518 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0314 | |||||||
| Parity | ||||||||||||||
| 0–1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 2–4 | 1.15 (1.04;1.26) | 0.0066 | 0.58 (0.49;0.69) | 0.0000 | 0.58 (0.51;0.65) | 0.0000 | 1.19 (1.06;1.34) | 0.0039 | 0.88 (0.79;0.98) | 0.0224 | 0.46 (0.37;0.56) | 0.0000 | 0.47 (0.37;0.61) | 0.0000 |
| > 4 | 1.06 (0.86;1.31) | 0.5758 | 0.85 (0.61;1.20) | 0.3676 | 0.81 (0.64;1.04) | 0.0932 | 0.99 (0.75;1.30) | 0.9371 | 0.57 (0.45;0.73) | 0.0000 | 0.54 (0.36;0.81) | 0.0027 | 0.66 (0.39;1.11) | 0.1179 |
| Overall p-value | 0.0250 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0121 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | |||||||
| Number of babies | ||||||||||||||
| Singleton | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Multiple | 4.3 (3.30;5.61) | 0.0000 | 1.88 (1.10;3.22) | 0.0220 | 5.29 (4.01;6.99) | 0.0000 | 1.87 (1.25;2.79) | 0.0024 | 4.11 (3.14;5.38) | 0.0000 | 1.53 (0.85;2.76) | 0.1542 | 0.81 (0.29;2.24) | 0.6791 |
| Presentation foetus | ||||||||||||||
| Cephalic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Breech | 29.23 (20.91;40.86) | 0.0000 | 52.22 (36.04;75.67) | 0.0000 | 36.67 (26.07;51.58) | 0.0000 | 31.17 (20.38;47.66) | 0.0000 | 28.46 (20.33;39.85) | 0.0000 | 53.03 (36.28;77.52) | 0.0000 | 64.44 (40.36;102.88) | 0.0000 |
| Other | 54.85 (25.13;119.75) | 0.0000 | 131.97 (59.06;294.90) | 0.0000 | 66 (29.97;145.37) | 0.0000 | 55.6 (22.10;139.87) | 0.0000 | 55.46 (25.35;121.34) | 0.0000 | 136.67 (60.72;307.62) | 0.0000 | 131.75 (50.26;345.35) | 0.0000 |
| Overall p-value | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | |||||||
| Gestational age (in weeks) | ||||||||||||||
| Term | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Moderate to late preterm (32–36) | 1.03 (0.71;1.48) | 0.8774 | 0.76 (0.44;1.32) | 0.3301 | 0.88 (0.59;1.30) | 0.5227 | 0.84 (0.57;1.25) | 0.4009 | 1.12 (0.77;1.62) | 0.5535 | 0.74 (0.42;1.29) | 0.2867 | 0.49 (0.27;0.91) | 0.0229 |
| Term (> 36) | 0.93 (0.67;1.30) | 0.6869 | 0.7 (0.43;1.15) | 0.1601 | 0.74 (0.52;1.06) | 0.0990 | 0.94 (0.65;1.35) | 0.7313 | 0.99 (0.71;1.39) | 0.9635 | 0.7 (0.42;1.15) | 0.1575 | 0.57 (0.34;0.98) | 0.0413 |
| Overall p-value | 0.4872 | 0.3329 | 0.0629 | 0.4896 | 0.3736 | 0.3537 | 0.0728 | |||||||
| Previous C-section | ||||||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Yes | 1438.02 (461.86;4477.31) | 0.0000 | 6.49 (1.95;21.53) | 0.0023 | – | – | 1215.45 (389.63;3791.59) | 0.0000 | 1496.97 (480.29;4665.79) | 0.0000 | 9.83 (2.32;41.72) | 0.0019 | 7.18 (1.64;31.51) | 0.0090 |
| Indication according to guideline MTRH | ||||||||||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| Yes | 798.51 (547.94;1163.66) | 0.0000 | – | – | 509.4 (341.82;759.12) | 0.0000 | 1060.18 (664.91;1690.44) | 0.0000 | 816.76 (559.06;1193.26) | 0.0000 | 971.52 (602.46;1566.67) | 0.0000 | 680.69 (408.70;1133.70) | 0.0000 |
aMultivariable analysis: adjustment for age in years and for parity in actual number of births (not in parity categories)