Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Insufficient responders (N = 227) | Sufficient responders (N = 311) | Total (N = 538) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 43.6 ± 13.4 | 44.5 ± 14.1 | 44.1 ± 13.8 |
| Female, n (%) | 180 (79.3) | 235 (75.6) | 415 (77.1) |
| Smoking status: current or prior smoker, n (%) | 45 (20.3) | 71 (23.9) | 116 (22.4) |
| Neurologist consultation, n (%)* | 117 (51.5) | 98 (31.5) | 215 (40.0) |
| Migraine/headache specialista, n (%)* | 103 (45.4) | 101 (32.5) | 204 (37.9) |
| Employed, n (%) | 138 (63.0) | 198 (64.5) | 336 (63.9) |
| Number of migraine headache days/month, n (%) | |||
| 0–3 | 103 (59.9) | 151 (63.7) | 254 (62.1) |
| 4–7 | 44 (25.6) | 58 (24.5) | 102 (24.9) |
| ≥ 8 | 25 (14.5) | 28 (11.8) | 53 (13.0) |
| Chronic/episodic migraine, n (%)* | |||
| Chronic migraine | 20 (8.8) | 11 (3.6) | 31 (5.9) |
| Episodic migraine | 206 (91.2) | 291 (96.4) | 497 (94.1) |
| Migraine with aura, n (%) | 82 (36.1) | 121 (38.9) | 203 (37.7) |
| Family history of migraine: parent, n (%) | 45 (20.5) | 55 (17.8) | 100 (18.9) |
| Rebound headache or medication-overuse headache, n (%)* | 15 (6.6) | 9 (2.9) | 24 (4.5) |
| Tension-type headache, n (%) * | 63 (27.8) | 51 (16.4) | 114 (21.2) |
| Comorbidity (yes), n (%) | 103 (45.4) | 149 (47.9) | 252 (46.8) |
| Hypertensionb | 23 (22.3) | 46 (30.9) | 69 (27.4) |
| Hyperlipidemiab | 20 (19.4) | 32 (21.5) | 52 (20.6) |
| Anxietyb | 18 (17.5) | 23 (15.4) | 41 (16.3) |
| Sleep disordersb | 15 (14.6) | 21 (14.1) | 36 (14.3) |
| Asthma/COPD/allergic rhinitisb | 15 (14.6) | 17 (11.4) | 32 (12.7) |
| Depressionb | 13 (12.6) | 11 (7.4) | 24 (9.5) |
| GI problems/dyspepsiab | 10 (9.7) | 19 (12.8) | 29 (11.5) |
| Otherb | 16 (15.5) | 22 (14.8) | 38 (15.1) |
| Cardiovascular disease,b,c | 23 (22.3) | 47 (31.5) | 70 (27.8) |
Physician-reported data
*p < 0.05 between insufficient responders and sufficient responders (variables with significant differences in bold). For categorical measures, chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test was used. For continuous measures, t-test was used
aPatients visited migraine/headache specialists who were either neurologists (n = 164; 30.5% of patients) or internists (n = 40; 7.4% of patients)
bPercentages calculated based on the respective number of patients in each group with any comorbidity. Percentages are calculated as proportion of non-missing data. Comorbidities listed are those occurring in ≥10% of patients experiencing a comorbidity. Chronic migraine was defined as (≥15 headache days per month [15]); episodic migraine was defined as not fulfilling chronic migraine criteria [16]
cCardiovascular disease is a derived variable that includes angina (seen in 1/2 insufficient/sufficient responders, respectively), hypertension (data in table), ischemic heart disease (seen in 0/2 insufficient/sufficient responders, respectively), post myocardial infarction (no occurrences in either group, and congestive heart failure (no occurrences in either group)
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI gastrointestinal; SD standard deviation