Table 5.
Univariate and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard analysis of variables associated with all-cause mortality
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age, years | 1.066 | 1.019–1.115 | 0.006 | 1.065 | 1.018–1.114 | 0.006 |
| Female sex | 1.117 | 0.141–8.851 | 0.917 | |||
| SLEDAI-2 K | 0.927 | 0.782–1.099 | 0.382 | |||
| Complement 3, mg/dL | 0.990 | 0.963–1.017 | 0.443 | |||
| Complement 4, mg/dL | 0.924 | 0.814–1.048 | 0.220 | |||
| Anti-dsDNA (IU/mL) | 0.998 | 0.995–1.002 | 0.314 | |||
| Spot urine P/Cr ratio | 0.682 | 0.458–1.017 | 0.060 | |||
| WBC count (/μL) | 1.000 | 0.999–1.000 | 0.445 | |||
| Platelet count (×1000/μL) | 1.000 | 0.993–1.007 | 0.996 | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 0.653 | 0.467–0.913 | 0.013 | 0.656 | 0.448–0.959 | 0.030 |
| Lymphocyte count (/μL) | 0.999 | 0.998–1.001 | 0.361 | |||
| ESR (mm/hr) | 1.010 | 0.991–1.029 | 0.323 | |||
| CRP (mg/L) | 1.017 | 1.001–1.033 | 0.034 | |||
| Cr (mg/dL) | 1.479 | 0.889–2.461 | 0.132 | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 0.927 | 0.399–2.152 | 0.860 | |||
| Activity index | 1.004 | 0.892–1.129 | 0.954 | |||
| Chronicity index | 1.233 | 0.861–1.766 | 0.252 | |||
| Early lupus nephritis | 0.671 | 0.194–2.319 | 0.529 | |||
| Delayed lupus nephritis | 1.490 | 0.431–5.148 | 0.529 | |||
| Hypertension | 2.965 | 0.834–10.539 | 0.093 | |||
| Diabetes mellitusa | n/a | |||||
| Dyslipidemiaa | n/a | |||||
SLEDAI-2 K systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index-2000, P/Cr protein/creatinine, WBC white blood cell, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, Cr creatinine, n/a not applicable
aThe odds ratio was not calculable because no death occurred in patients with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia