Table 4.
GRADE summary of findings
| Outcome № of participants (studies) |
Relative effect (95% CI)a | Anticipated absolute effects (95% CI) | Certainty | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference | |||||
|
NICU admission № of participants: 898,272 (1RCT,13 observational studies) |
RR 0.63 (0.56 to 0.71) | 3.3% | 2.1% (1.9 to 2.3) | 1.2% fewer (1,5 fewer to 1 fewer) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW |
|
Neonatal death № of participants: 533,503 (4 observational studies) |
n/N IG: 274/25,8080 n/N CG: 160/27,5423 < 39 RR 0.59 (0.43 to 0.83) ≥39 RR 2.09 (1.18 to 3.70) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW |
|||
|
Respiratory morbidity № of participants: 57,693 (9 observational studies) |
RR 0.64 (0.51 to 0.79) | 2.6% | 1.7% (1.3 to 2.1) | 0.9% fewer (1.3 fewer to 0.5 fewer) |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
|
Hospitalization ≥5 days № of participants: 59,331 (5 observational studies) |
n/N IG: 2222/24,663 n/N CG: 3289/34,668 < 39 RR 0.52 (0.36 to 0.75) ≥39 RR 2.00 (1.40 to 2.86) |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
|||
|
Sepsis № of participants: 42,381 (4 observational studies) |
n/N IG: 366/20,689 n/N CG: 318/21,692 < 39 RR 0.55 (0.44 to 0.67) ≥39 RR 3.57 (1.87 to 6.78) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW |
|||
|
Hypoglycemia № of participants: 46,367 (1 RCT, 5 observational studies) |
RR 0.84 (0.79 to 0.91) | 1.2% | 1.0% (1.0 to 1.1) | 0.2% fewer (0.3 fewer to 0.1 fewer) |
⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE |
|
Apgar Score < 7 № of participants: 805,274 (5 observational studies) |
RR 0.90 (0.69 to 1.17) | 0.5% | 0.5% (0.4 to 0.6) | 0.1% fewer (0.2 fewer to 0.1 more) |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
|
Jaundice № of participants: 32,109 (5 observational studies) |
RR 0.71 (0.66 to 0.77) | 2.3% | 1.7% (1.5 to 1.8) | 0.7% fewer (0.8 fewer to 0.5 fewer) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW |
|
RDS № of participants: 43,888 (5 observational studies) |
RR 0.60 (0.54 to 0.67) | 0.7% | 0.4% (0.4 to 0.5) | 0.3% fewer (03 fewer to 0.2 fewer) |
⨁⨁◯◯ LOW |
|
TTN № of participants: 40,766 (5 observational studies) |
RR 0.68 (0.54 to 0.86) | 2.5% | 1.7% (1.4 to 2.2) | 0.8% fewer (12 fewer to 0.4 fewer) |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
|
Pneumothorax № of participants: 25,121 (4 observational studies) |
RR 0.99 (0.03 to 39.19) | 0.1% | 0.1% (0.0 to 4.5) | 0.0% fewer (0.1 fewer to 4.4 more) |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
|
Maternal death № of participants: 14,865 (1 observational studies) |
RR 0.38 (0.04 to 3.40) | 0.0% | 0.0% (0.0 to 0.2) | 0.0% fewer (0.0 fewer to 0.1 more) |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
|
Maternal hysterectomy № of participants: 18,662 (3 observational studies) |
RR 1.10 (0.03 to 39.35) | 0.2% | 0.2% (0.0 to 7.9) | 0.0% fewer (0.2 fewer to 7.7 more) |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
| Maternal blood transfusion№ of participants: 15,162 (2 observational studies) | RR 1.21 (0.02 to 65.67) | 0.8% | 1.0% (0.0 to 54.0) | 0.2% more (0.8 fewer to 53.2 more) |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
|
NICU admission only repeat CS № of participants: 527,941 (4 observational studies) |
RR 0.66 (0.65 to 0.67) | 3.0% | 2.0% (2.0 to 2.0) | 1.0% fewer (1.1 fewer to 1 fewer) |
⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE |
|
NICU death only repeat CS № of participants: 497,917 (2 observational studies) |
n/N IG: 194/24,1683 n/N CG: 158/25,6234 < 39 RR 0.67 (0.51 to 0.87) ≥39 RR 1.68 (1.07 to 2.65) |
⨁◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
|||
atime response with reference category 39 week of gestation (RR = 1)
CI Confidence Interval; CG Control group; IG Intervention group; n Number of events; N Number of participants; RCT Randomized controlled trial; RDS Respiratory distress syndrome; RR Relative risk; TTN Transient tachypnea of the newborn