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. 2020 Jul 7;17:205. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01842-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — The NLRP3 inflammasome downstream cytokine IL-1β is involved in fear extinction. a Trial schematic for IL-1β (1 ng/kg) and IL-1ra (90 μg/kg) administration, contextual fear memory paradigm, extinction training, and behavior tests. b Fear responses of 4 extinction training days. Saline/Ctrl, n = 4; IL-1β/Ctrl, n = 4; IL-1ra/Ctrl, n = 6; saline/FS, n = 12; IL-1β/FS, n = 12; IL-1ra/FS, n = 12. c Representative image of mice track plot in EPM test. d-f EPM test after 4 extinction trainings. Saline/Ctrl, n = 6; IL-1β/Ctrl, n = 6; IL-1ra/Ctrl, n = 6; saline/FS, n = 6; IL-1β/FS, n = 6; IL-1ra/FS, n = 7. g Representative image of mice track plot in OF test. h-j OF test after 4 extinction trainings. Saline/Ctrl, n = 10; IL-1β/Ctrl, n = 10; IL-1ra/Ctrl, n = 9; saline/FS, n = 9; IL-1β/FS, n = 9; IL-1ra/FS, n = 10. Data shown are mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (b), two-way ANOVA (b) and t test (d-f, h-j). NS, no significance; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001