Table 1.
Characteristics of Bern ADPKD registry participants at the baseline visit
| Characteristics | All Patients (n=125) | No Tolvaptan (n=87) | Tolvaptan (n=38) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men, n (%) | 57 (46) | 34 (39) | 23 (61) |
| Age, yr | 46; 38–53 | 46; 36–57 | 46; 39–50 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25; 22–28 | 25; 22–28 | 25; 22–27 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 136; 126–149 | 136; 125–149, [1] | 137; 130–147 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 87; 81–96 | 87; 80–96, [1] | 89; 85–94 |
| Antihypertensive medication intake, n (%) | 84 (68) | 56 (65) | 28 (74) |
| ACE-I or ARB, n (%) | 70 (56) | 43 (50) | 27 (71) |
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 33 (27) | 22 (26) | 11 (29) |
| β-Blockers, n (%) | 14 (11) | 10 (12) | 4 (11) |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 31 (25) | 20 (23) | 11 (29) |
| Thiazide diuretics, n (%) | 27 (22) | 17 (20) | 10 (26) |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) |
| Alkali therapy, n (%) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) |
| Allopurinol, n (%) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 5 (4) | 4 (5) | 1 (3) |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 BSA | 68; 48–96 | 77; 46–97 | 65; 50–91 |
| eGFR subgroups, ml/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | |||
| ≥90 | 35 (28) | 25 (29) | 10 (26) |
| 60–89 | 48 (38) | 35 (40) | 13 (34) |
| 30–59 | 27 (22) | 17 (20) | 10 (26) |
| 15–30 | 13 (10) | 8 (9) | 5 (13) |
| ≤15 | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) |
| Height-adjusted TKV, ml/m | 624; 366–1261 | 489; 320–1024, [3] | 986; 727–1492 |
| History of kidney stone events, n (%) | 16 (13) | 10 (12), [2] | 6 (16) |
| History of urinary tract infections, n (%) | 17 (14) | 12 (14), [2] | 5 (13) |
| History of cyst ruptures, n (%) | 16 (13) | 10 (12), [2] | 6 (16) |
| History of kidney pain, n (%) | 36 (29) | 23 (27), [2] | 13 (34) |
| Relative supersaturation ratio calcium oxalate | 2.8; 1.7–5.1 | 2.7; 1.7–5.4, [9] | 3.1; 1.7–4.7, [1] |
| Relative supersaturation ratio brushite | 0.43; 0.14–0.97 | 0.45; 0.15–1.05, [9] | 0.35; 0.12–0.71, [2] |
| Relative supersaturation ratio uric acid | 0.82; 0.33–1.53 | 0.81; 0.29–1.52, [9] | 0.83; 0.36–1.52, [1] |
| Urine calcium/creatinine ratio, mmol/mmol per d | 0.25; 0.12–0.37 | 0.27; 0.14–0.42, [5] | 0.18; 0.11–0.28 |
| Urine phosphate/creatinine ratio, mmol/mmol per d | 1.9; 1.6–2.2 | 1.9; 1.7–2.2, [6] | 1.8; 1.6–2.2, [1] |
| Urine magnesium/creatinine ratio, mmol/mmol per d | 0.31; 0.25–0.38 | 0.33; 0.25–0.38, [6] | 0.29; 0.25–0.36 |
| Urine uric acid/creatinine ratio, mmol/mmol per d | 0.22; 0.18–0.25 | 0.22; 0.19–0.26, [7] | 0.2; 0.17–0.24 |
| Urine oxalate/creatinine ratio, mmol/mmol per d | 0.03; 0.02–0.04 | 0.03; 0.02–0.04, [8] | 0.03; 0.02–0.04 |
| Urine citrate/creatinine ratio, mmol/mmol per d | 0.12; 0.06–0.22 | 0.14; 0.08–0.22, [7] | 0.10; 0.05–0.2 |
| Urine sulfate/creatinine ratio, mmol/mmol per d | 1.5; 1.2–1.7 | 1.5; 1.3–1.7, [8] | 1.4; 1.2–1.7, [1] |
| Urine pH | 5.9; 5.4–6.3 | 5.9; 5.5–6.4, [8] | 5.8; 5.5–6.2 |
| Urine ammonium/creatinine ratio, mmol/mmol per d | 1.9; 1.5–2.5 | 1.93; 1.45–2.53, [9] | 1.88; 1.55–2.55, [2] |
| Urine titratable acidity/creatinine ratio, mEq/mmol per d | 1.3; 1.0–1.7 | 1.3; 0.9–1.7, [9] | 1.3; 1.1–1.6, [2] |
| Urine NAE/creatinine ratio, mEq/mmol per d | 1.3; 0.9–1.8 | 1.3; 0.9–1.7, [11] | 1.5; 1.1–2.0, [5] |
| Urine NGIA/creatinine ratio, mEq/mmol per d | 3.9; 3.0–5.4 | 4.1; 3.1–5.5, [8] | 3.4; 2.6–5.0, [4] |
| Urine volume, L/d | 2.3; 1.8–2.9 | 2.3; 1.7–2.9, [4] | 2.4; 2.0–2.9 |
| Plasma copeptin, pmol/L | 5.3; 3.1–11.3 | 5.2; 2.9–10.0, [15] | 5.5; 3.6–13.4, [5] |
| Hypocitraturia | 53 (45) | 33 (41), [7] | 20 (53) |
| Hypercalciuria | 7 (6) | 7 (9), [5] | 0 (0) |
| Hyperuricosuria | 3 (3) | 3 (4), [7] | 0 (0) |
| Hyperoxaluria | 21 (18) | 12 (15), [8] | 9 (24) |
Characteristics are indicated for all participants (n=125) and separately for participants without (n=87) and with (n=38) future Tolvaptan treatment. Categorical variables are described by number of participants n (%), and continuous variables by their median and 25th–75th percentiles. Numbers in square brackets indicate numbers of participants with missing data for corresponding variables. ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BSA, body surface area; TKV, total kidney volume; NAE, net acid excretion; NGIA, net gastrointestinal alkali absorption.