Table 3.
Multivariable clinicopathologic associations of BK virus allograft nephropathy diagnosis
| Risk Factors | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval |
|---|---|---|
| Prior BK viremia (any) | 3.91 | 1.88 to 8.14 |
| Viremia, loge+1 copies per milliliter | 1.54 | 1.40 to 1.70 |
| Serum creatinine, loge mg/dl | 3.44 | 1.84 to 6.42 |
| Medulla present | 1.81 | 1.02 to 3.21 |
Pathologically proven tissue infection was more likely found in transplant recipients with prior (chronic/persistent) BK viremia (versus de novo) and in patients with high circulating viral loads (loge-transformed copies per milliliter) or kidney transplant dysfunction (loge-transformed serum creatinine concentration). Medulla included in the biopsy-core sample is also significant using by multivariable binomial generalized estimating equation to control for repeated sampling (n=814 kidneys) (detailed univariable results and other data are in Supplemental Table 6).