Table 8.
Energy budgeting and energy ratio as influenced by crop establishment methods and residues management (CERM) practices (2-year mean).
| Parameter | CERM practice | Rice-chickpea | Rice-lentil | Rice- safflower | Rice-linseed | Rice-mustard | Mean | LSD (p = 0.05) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEI (× 103 MJ ha−1) | ZTDSR | 23.1f | 22.5f | 22.5f | 24.1f | 23.1f | 23.0 | CERM | – |
| ZTDSRR+ | 68.1b | 67.5b | 67.5b | 69.1b | 68.1b | 68.0 | WC | – | |
| ZTTPR | 25.8e | 25.1e | 25.1e | 26.7e | 25.8e | 25.7 | Interactions | p value | |
| ZTTPR R+ | 65.8c | 65.1c | 65.1c | 66.7c | 65.8c | 65.7 | Y × CERM | 0.6544 | |
| PTR | 28.9d | 28.2d | 28.2d | 29.8d | 28.9d | 28.8 | Y × WC | – | |
| PTR R+ | 80.1a | 79.5a | 79.5a | 81.1a | 80.1a | 80.1 | CERM × WC | – | |
| Mean | 48.6 | 48.0 | 48.0 | 49.6 | 48.6 | Y × CERM × WC | – | ||
| SEO (× 103 MJ ha−1) | ZTDSR | 203.6 ± 5.8b | 207.9 ± 5.1b | 233.7 ± 6.6b | 187.3 ± 4.1b | 197.8 ± 3.2b | 206.1 | CERM | 15,023 |
| ZTDSRR+ | 229.4 ± 6.5a | 231.0 ± 5.0a | 262.1 ± 6.0a | 215.8 ± 4.3a | 221.4 ± 4.9a | 231.9 | WC | 2063 | |
| ZTTPR | 178.4 ± 6.5c | 177.5 ± 4.8c | 180.7 ± 5.2d | 172.8 ± 4.7c | 180.6 ± 4.6c | 178.0 | Interactions | p value | |
| ZTTPR R+ | 182.1 ± 5.3c | 181.3 ± 4.9c | 194.9 ± 6.1d | 177.5 ± 4.8bc | 186.0 ± 5.1bc | 184.4 | Y × CERM | 0.6258 | |
| PTR | 217.5 ± 5.9ab | 218.2 ± 5.6ab | 214.9 ± 6.0c | 205.5 ± 5.0a | 218.5 ± 6.7a | 215.0 | Y × WC | 0.0872 | |
| PTR R+ | 219.7 ± 5.1a | 218.9 ± 3.6ab | 215.1 ± 4.1c | 216.7 ± 4.4a | 228.6 ± 5.0a | 219.8 | CERM × WC | < 0.0001 | |
| Mean | 205.1 | 205.8 | 216.9 | 196.0 | 205.5 | Y × CERM × WC | 0.3529 | ||
| SNEO (× 103 MJ ha−1) | ZTDSR | 180.4 ± 5.8a | 185.4 ± 5.1a | 211.2 ± 6.6a | 163.2 ± 4.1a | 174.7 ± 3.2a | 183.0 | CERM | 15,023 |
| ZTDSRR+ | 161.2 ± 6.5b | 163.5 ± 5.0b | 194.6 ± 6.0b | 146.8 ± 4.3b | 153.3 ± 4.9b | 163.9 | WC | 2063 | |
| ZTTPR | 152.6 ± 6.5bc | 152.4 ± 4.8bc | 155.6 ± 5.2c | 146.1 ± 4.7b | 154.8 ± 4.6b | 152.3 | Interactions | p value | |
| ZTTPR R+ | 116.3 ± 5.3d | 116.2 ± 4.9d | 129.7 ± 6.1d | 110.8 ± 4.8c | 120.2 ± 5.1c | 118.7 | Y × CERM | 0.6258 | |
| PTR | 188.6 ± 5.9a | 190.0 ± 5.6a | 186.7 ± 6.0b | 175.7 ± 5.0a | 189.6 ± 6.7a | 186.1 | Y × WC | 0.0872 | |
| PTR R+ | 139.6 ± 5.1c | 139.4 ± 3.6c | 135.6 ± 4.1d | 135.6 ± 4.4b | 148.5 ± 5.0b | 139.8 | CERM × WC | < 0.0001 | |
| Mean | 156.5 | 157.8 | 168.9 | 146.4 | 156.9 | Y × CERM × WC | 0.3529 | ||
| SER | ZTDSR | 8.81 ± 0.25a | 9.26 ± 0.23a | 10.39 ± 0.29a | 7.78 ± 0.17a | 8.56 ± 0.14a | 8.96 | CERM | 0.42 |
| ZTDSRR+ | 3.37 ± 0.10d | 3.42 ± 0.07d | 3.88 ± 0.09c | 3.13 ± 0.06d | 3.25 ± 0.07d | 3.41 | WC | 0.07 | |
| ZTTPR | 6.92 ± 0.25c | 7.07 ± 0.19c | 7.19 ± 0.21b | 6.47 ± 0.18c | 7.01 ± 0.18c | 6.93 | Interactions | p value | |
| ZTTPR R+ | 2.77 ± 0.08e | 2.78 ± 0.08e | 2.99 ± 0.09d | 2.66 ± 0.07e | 2.83 ± 0.08e | 2.81 | Y × CERM | 0.4201 | |
| PTR | 7.53 ± 0.20b | 7.74 ± 0.20b | 7.61 ± 0.21b | 6.89 ± 0.17b | 7.57 ± 0.23b | 7.47 | Y × WC | 0.1704 | |
| PTR R+ | 2.74 ± 0.06e | 2.75 ± 0.05e | 2.71 ± 0.05d | 2.67 ± 0.05e | 2.85d ± 0.06e | 2.75 | CERM × WC | < 0.0001 | |
| Mean | 5.36 | 5.50 | 5.79 | 4.93 | 5.35 | Y × CERM × WC | 0.5645 |
SEI system energy input, SEO system energy output, SNEO system net energy output, SER system energy ratio, WC winter crops, Y year.
Different letters in a column are significantly different at p < 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test.