Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and COVID-19 Infection
| Characteristic | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 | Average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 55 | 57 | 38 | 45 | 63 | 49 |
| Sex | Male | Female | Male | Female | Female | — |
| Body mass index | 31.1 | 19.8 | 29.1 | 21.4 | 36.2 | 27.5 |
| Patient disease characteristics | ||||||
| Diabetes medications | Glipizide | Metformin, glipizide | Insulin detemir and aspart | None | Insulin | — |
| Hemoglobin A1C (%) | 9.5 | 11.3 | 11.9 | 15 | 9.8 | 11.5 |
| Presentation characteristics | ||||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 91 | 122 | 129 | 116 | 97 | 114 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | 161/77 | 128/75 | 99/68 | 115/75 | 150/90 | 126/74 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 55 | 32 | 20 | 18 | 53 | 31 |
| SpO2∗ (%) | 66 on NRB | 97 | 99 | 100 | 95 on 6 L | 91 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale score | 11 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 14 |
| Initial glucose (mg/dL) | 948 | 227 | 399 | 342 | 749 | 533 |
| pH | 7.13 | 7.11 | 7.02 | 6.99 | 7.21 | 7.06 |
| Anion gap | 21 | 24 | 22 | 18 | 18 | 21 |
| β-hydroxy butyrate (mmol/L) | 0.75 | 9.36 | n/o | 7.83 | n/o | 5.98 |
| COVID-19 laboratory values | ||||||
| Creatine kinase (units/L) | 545 | n/o | n/o | n/o | 329 | 437 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | >19.0 | 18.2 | n/o | n/o | >19.0 | 18.7 |
| d-dimer (mcg feu/mL) | 5.44 | 1.06 | n/o | n/o | >35.2 | 13.9 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1214 | 337 | n/o | n/o | >16,500 | 6017 |
| Fibrinogen | 600 | n/o | n/o | n/o | n/o | — |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (units/L) | 931 | n/o | n/o | n/o | 3934 | 2,433 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 1.38 | 0.16 | n/o | n/o | 3.65 | 1.73 |
| Troponin (ng/mL) | n/o | <0.02 | n/o | n/o | 2.23 | 1.13 |
| Hospitalization characteristics | ||||||
| Fluid to gap closure (mL) | 2125 | 4625 | 3100 | 5550 | 6160 | 3850 |
| Time to gap closure (min) | 38 | 900 | 194 | 720 | 650 | 463 |
| Length of stay (days) | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4.75 | |
| Outcome | Hospitalized at time of printing | Discharge home | Discharge home | Discharge home | Death | — |
COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; n/o = not obtained; NRB = non-rebreather mask.
∗
Room air oxygen saturations (SpO2) were not available for all patients.