Table 1.
Sociodemographic, clinical and other characteristics of individuals by cirrhosis status
| Characteristics | Total (N=300) |
Cases (n=100) |
Controls (n=200) |
P value* |
| Age, median (IQR) | 55 (48–63) | 54 (47–64) | 56 (48–62) | 0.07 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.22 | |||
| Male | 129 (43.0) | 48 (48.0) | 81 (40.5) | |
| Female | 171 (57.0) | 52 (52.0) | 119 (59.5) | |
| Indigenous ethnicity, n (%) | 0.84 | |||
| Yes | 64 (21.3) | 22 (22.0) | 42 (21.0) | |
| No | 236 (78.7) | 78 (78.0) | 158 (79.0) | |
| Department of residence, n (%) | 0.57 | |||
| Guatemala and vicinity | 254 (84.7) | 83 (83.0) | 171 (85.5) | |
| Other | 46 (15.3) | 17 (17.0) | 29 (14.5) | |
| Occupation, n (%) | 0.06 | |||
| Farmer | 9 (3.0) | 6 (6.0) | 3 (1.5) | |
| Others | 291 (97.0) | 94 (94.0) | 197 (98.5) | |
| Heavy alcohol consumption, n (%)† | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 59 (19.8) | 51 (52.0) | 8 (4.0) | |
| No | 239 (80.2) | 47 (48.0) | 192 (96.0) | |
| HBsAg (seropositivity), n (%)† | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 8 (2.7) | 7 (7.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| No | 290 (97.3) | 93 (93.0) | 197 (99.5) | |
| Anti-HCV (seropositivity), n (%) | 0.11 | |||
| Yes | 4 (1.3) | 3 (3.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| No | 296 (98.7) | 97 (97.0) | 199 (99.5) | |
| AFB1-albumin adduct levels, median (IQR) | 7.3 (3.5–14.6) | 11.4 (5.7–25.7) | 5.11 (2.4–12.0) | <0.01 |
*P values for categorical variables were obtained from χ2 test (sex, indigenous ethnicity, residence and heavy alcohol consumption) or exact test (occupation, HBsAg and HCV status), and for the continuous variables Wilcoxon test (AFB1-lysine) or t-test (age).
†Categories do not sum to the total due to missing data.
AFB1, aflatoxin B1; anti-HCV, antibody to hepatitis C virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus.