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. 2020 Jul 7;10(7):e039120. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039120

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Finite element modelling of flexible masks. (A) Representative numerical images showing the deformation of the elastomeric mask at different levels of reaction forces, F=0, 4.5 and 10 N in two different views (top and bottom rows). The colours represent the magnitude of displacement field, U. (B) The corresponding distribution of the normal contact forces, F^N, between the mask and face. (C) Reaction forces for the subject numbers n=1,2,3…, 20 computed from simulations.