. 2020 Jul 6;6(1):e000685. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000685

Table 4.

Weighted averages for test–retest reliability

Somatosensation tests
Threshold for Perception of Passive Movement
Directions	ICC	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References	MDC (°)	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References
Plantarflexion	0.93	0.91–0.95	33	2	21 24	0.58	N/A	21	1	24
Dorsiflexion	0.81	0.74–0.95	33	2	21 24	1.08	N/A	21	1	24
Inversion	0.92	N/A	21	1	24	1.00	0.53–1.44	41	2	23 24
Eversion	0.94	N/A	21	1	24	1.14	N/A	21	1	24
Joint Position Sense
Conditions	ICC	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References	MDC (°)	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References
Mixed conditions	0.83	0.60–0.98	179	9	21 28 34 36 39 42–44 92	1.10	0.03–2.9	126	6	23 36 39 43 44 92
Motor control tests
Star Excursion Balance Test
No data available
Hop Tests
No data available
Biodex Stability System
Directions	ICC	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References	MDC	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References
Anterior–posterior stability index	0.86	N/A	12	1	56	N/A
Medial-lateral stability index	0.76	N/A	12	1	56	N/A
Limit of Stability
Tests	ICC	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References	MDC	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References
Reaction time (s)	0.81	N/A	15	1	58	0.13	N/A	15	1	58
Movement velocity score (°/s)	0.89	N/A	15	1		1.55	N/A	15	1
Endpoint centre of gravity excursion score (%)	0.96	N/A	15	1		6.2	N/A	15	1
Maximum centre of gravity excursion score (%)	0.95	N/A	15	1		5.9	N/A	15	1
Directional control score (%)	0.73	N/A	15	1		10.1	N/A	15	1
Time to Stabilisation
Directions	ICC	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References	MDC (s)	Range	N (subjects)	N (studies)	References
Anteior-posterior	0.68	0.33–0.99	42	2	60 61	0.39	N/A	20	1	60
Medial-lateral	0.86	0.74–0.97	42	2	60 61	0.22	N/A	20	1	60
Specific test–retest results for JPS
Author (date)	Paradigm							Condition	ICC	MDC (°)
Deshpande et al (2003)²¹	Active-to-active reproduction of joint position at 5° of plantarflexion, 10° of plantarflexion and 5° of dorsiflexion.							Global	0.83	N/A
Fournier Belley et al (2016)⁹²	Walking bouts where passive perturbation were applied in plantarflexion (1°−12°).							Global	0.70	2.9
Fu & Hui-Chan (2005)³⁴	Passive-to-passive reproduction of joint position at 5° of plantar flexion at a peak velocity of 1°/s.							Global	0.84	N/A
Lim & Tan (2009)²⁸	Passive-to-active reproduction of joint position in 25th and 75th percentiles of each of inversion and eversion over the uninvolved ankle.							Inversion 25th	0.87	N/A
								Eversion 25th	0.87	N/A
								Inversion 75th	0.94	N/A
								Eversion 75th	0.95	N/A
Refshauge et al (2003)⁴²	Verbally report the direction of any perceived passive movement for each condition: 5° at 0.1°/s, 4° at 0.5°/s, and 3° at 2.5°/s.							2.5°/s	0.6	N/A
Refshauge et al (2003)⁴²								0.1°/s	0.74	N/A
Sekir et al (2008)³⁶	Passive-to-passive reproduction of joint position at 10° and 20° of inversion at a peak velocity of 1°/s.							10° Inversion	0.94	0.80
Sekir et al (2008)³⁶								20° Inversion	0.98	0.75
Sousa et al (2017)²³	Passive-to-passive and passive-to-active reproduction of joint position at 5° ad 15° of supination at a peak velocity of 1°/s.							Passive 5°	N/A	1.08
								Passive 15°	N/A	0.78
								Active 5°	N/A	1.11
								Active 15°	N/A	1.30
Witchalls et al (2012)⁴³	Active angle discrimination for five inversion angles between 10.5° and 14.5°using the AMEDA.							Global	0.83	0.03
Witchalls et al (2014)⁴⁴	Active angle discrimination for five inversion angles between 10.5° and 14.5° using the AMEDA.							Global	0.82	0.06
Yildiz et al (2009)³⁹	Passive-to-passive reproduction of joint position at 10° and 20° of inversion at a peak velocity of 1°/s.							10° Inversion	0.90	0.80
Yildiz et al (2009)³⁹								20° Inversion	0.94	0.75

ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; MDC, minimal detectable change; N/A, not applicable.