Table 1. Proposed ethical frameworks.

Authors	Guidelines
AoIR (35)	1. Protect vulnerable populations 2. Assess potential harm from research studies on a case-by-case basis 3. Consider data from humans to be human 4. Balance the rights of all involved parties (i.e. the right of privacy for the subject and the right to do research for the scientist) 5. The temporal variability of ethical considerations must be resolved when it occurs 6. Discuss ethical problems with qualified professionals when these arise
Zook et al. (36)	1. Acknowledge that data are people and can do harm 2. Recognize that privacy is more than a binary value 3. Guard against the reidentification of your data 4. Practice ethical data sharing 5. Consider the strengths and limitations of your data; big does not automatically mean better 6. Debate the tough, ethical choices 7. Develop a code of conduct for your organization, research community or industry 8. Design your data and systems for auditability 9. Engage with the broader consequences of data and analysis practices 10. Know when to break these rules

Abbreviation: Association of Internet Researchers