Table 4.

Examples of FLW recovery interventions by supply chain stage.

Supply chain stage	Government policy	Technology	Practice or behavior
Farms	• Provide tax incentives to increase farm-level food recovery	• None identified	• Allow gleaning operations on farm
Manufacturers	• Educate potential food donors on donation liability laws • Expand tax incentives for food donations by businesses	• Develop new uses and products from trimmings and by-products	• Divert trimmings, by-products, and excess inventory to alternative uses
Restaurants and Retailers	• Educate potential food donors on donation liability laws • Expand tax incentives for food donations by businesses	• Use apps to notify recipients of available excess food	• Increase donations of unsold foods • Offer produce with lower cosmetic grades • Use damaged product in prepared food offerings • Divert excess processed food and unwanted produce to discount retailers
Emergency Food Providers	• Standardize local and state health department regulations on food donations	• Connect food donors with recipient organizations through technology platform • Process perishable donated foods into longer shelf life products	• Expand temperature-control storage and distribution infrastructure for donations • Increase labor availability to sort and package donations

Sources: Adapted from NRDC (2017) and ReFED (2016).