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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 8.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jun 17;685:1240–1254. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.230

Table 5.

Examples of FLW recycling interventions by supply chain stage.

Supply chain stage Government policy Technology Practice or behavior
Farms, manufacturers, retailers, and restaurants
Impose bans or fines for disposing of food waste in landfills (retailers and manufacturers)

Provide incentives for redirecting food waste to other purposes (e.g., renewable energy credits)

Repurpose food waste through heat-treatment, dehydration, and mixing for animal feed

Use centralized anaerobic digestion for energy production from food waste

Use commercial gray water aerobic digesters to break down food waste

Use in-vessel composting to generate compost from food waste

Use municipal water recovery resource facilities to convert food waste to biosolids for land application

Divert trimmings and by-products to animal feed

Transport food waste to centralized composting facility
Consumers
Provide curbside collection of compostable food scraps

None identified

Compost food waste on-site at residential locations

Sources: Adapted from NRDC (2017) and ReFED (2016).