Table 4. Influence of poverty status on RR of nutrient intake & osteoporosis with analysis by ethnicity and gender, age 50 and older.
| Test | Population | Calcium Intake Inadequate, Poverty versus Non-poverty | Vitamin D Intake Inadequate, Poverty versus Non-poverty | Calcium & Vitamin D Supplement Users, Poverty versus Non-poverty | RR of Osteoporosis, Poverty versus Non-poverty | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female Cohort | RR of Osteoporosis given Poverty Status | Total Population | 1.005 ± 0.012✝ | 0.893 ± 0.016✝ | 1.798 ± 0.03✝ | 1.144 ± 0.011✝ |
| Mexican American | 1.351 ± 0.035✝ | 1.319 ± 0.046✝ | 1.714 ± 0.071✝ | 1.407 ± 0.029✝ | ||
| Other Hispanic | 0.69 ± 0.045✝ | 0.443 ± 0.049✝ | 2.9 ± 0.135✝ | 0.86 ± 0.039✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.828 ± 0.014✝ | 0.312 ± 0.015✝ | -- | 0.702 ± 0.012✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 0.955 ± 0.018✝ | 1.132 ± 0.03✝ | 1.958 ± 0.045✝ | 1.239 ± 0.018✝ | ||
| All Other People | 1.204 ± 0.066✝ | -- | 1.438 ± 0.245✝ | 1.091 ± 0.06✝ | ||
| Odds of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy given Poverty Status | Total Population | 1.059 ± 0.028✝ | 1.339 ± 0.017✝ | 0.817 ± 0.016✝ | ||
| Mexican American | 0.937 ± 0.062✝ | 1.002 ± 0.043✝ | 1.285 ± 0.037 | |||
| Other Hispanic | 1.078 ± 0.085✝ | 1.145 ± 0.055✝ | 0.699 ± 0.042✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.047 ± 0.069✝ | 1.182 ± 0.048✝ | 0.782 ± 0.029✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.092 ± 0.043✝ | 1.592 ± 0.025✝ | 0.81 ± 0.027✝ | |||
| All Other People | 1.046 ± 0.106✝ | 1.094 ± 0.048✝ | 0.591 ± 0.054✝ | |||
| Male Cohort | RR of Osteoporosis given Poverty Status | Total Population | 2.056 ± 0.006✝ | 2.716 ± 0.006✝ | 1.094 ± 0.001✝ | 1.822 ± 0.004✝ |
| Mexican American | 1.25 ± 0.005✝ | 1.353 ± 0.008✝ | -- | 0.874 ± 0.001✝ | ||
| Other Hispanic | -- | -- | 1.083 ± 0.057✝ | 0.955 ± 0.005 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | -- | -- | -- | 5.461 ± 0.021 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2.474 ± 0.019✝ | 2.959 ± 0.014✝ | 2.277 ± 0.01✝ | 2.515 ± 0.01✝ | ||
| All Other People | 1.852 ± 0.038✝ | -- | -- | 1.398 ± 0.028✝ | ||
| Odds of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy given Poverty Status | Total Population | 1.166 ± 0.024✝ | 1.267 ± 0.021✝ | 0.826 ± 0.021✝ | ||
| Mexican American | 1.049 ± 0.053✝ | 0.969 ± 0.046✝ | 1.012 ± 0.052✝ | |||
| Other Hispanic | 1.067 ± 0.076✝ | 1.114 ± 0.064✝ | 0.882 ± 0.058✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.248 ± 0.06✝ | 1.18 ± 0.051✝ | 0.681 ± 0.04✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.165 ± 0.037✝ | 1.409 ± 0.032✝ | 0.814 ± 0.035✝ | |||
| All Other People | 1.057 ± 0.087✝ | 1.607 ± 0.07✝ | 0.947 ± 0.076✝ | |||
| All | RR of Osteoporosis given Poverty Status | Total Population | 1.16 ± 0.007✝ | 1.207 ± 0.008✝ | 1.643 ± 0.011✝ | 1.305 ± 0.006✝ |
| Mexican American | 1.401 ± 0.02 | 1.456 ± 0.024✝ | 1.575 ± 0.023✝ | 1.434 ± 0.014✝ | ||
| Other Hispanic | 0.691 ± 0.024✝ | 0.41 ± 0.018✝ | 1.735 ± 0.053✝ | 0.859 ± 0.019✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.268 ± 0.007✝ | 0.929 ± 0.001✝ | -- | 1.135 ± 0.004✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.247 ± 0.013✝ | 1.548 ± 0.015✝ | 2.108 ± 0.019✝ | 1.534 ± 0.01✝ | ||
| All Other People | 1.258 ± 0.04✝ | 1.1 ± 0.04✝ | 0.857 ± 0.073✝ | 1.117 ± 0.032✝ | ||
| Odds of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy given Poverty Status | Total Population | 1.11 ± 0.019✝ | 1.298 ± 0.013✝ | 0.811 ± 0.013✝ | ||
| Mexican American | 1.002 ± 0.041✝ | 0.991 ± 0.031✝ | 1.066 ± 0.031✝ | |||
| Other Hispanic | 1.069 ± 0.058✝ | 1.131 ± 0.041✝ | 0.812 ± 0.035✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.144 ± 0.046✝ | 1.179 ± 0.034✝ | 0.694 ± 0.025 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.131 ± 0.029✝ | 1.484 ± 0.019✝ | 0.803 ± 0.022✝ | |||
| All Other People | 1.038 ± 0.069✝ | 1.37 ± 0.041✝ | 0.821 ± 0.046✝ | |||
Poverty Status is measured by Monthly Poverty Level Index < = 1.3. Reported sample means and standard deviations
✝: indicates statistically significant result (one-tailed p value < 0.25%). “—”indicates insufficient sample sizes for statistical analysis or non-applicable.