Table 5. Influence of food security status on RR of nutrient intake & osteoporosis with analysis by ethnicity and gender, age 50 and older.
| Test | Population | Calcium Intake Inadequate, Poverty versus Non-poverty | Vitamin D Intake Inadequate, Poverty versus Non-poverty | Calcium & Vitamin D Supplement Users, Poverty versus Non-poverty | RR of Osteoporosis, Poverty versus Non-poverty | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female Cohort | RR of Osteoporosis given Food Insecurity | Total Population | 0.961 ± 0.014✝ | 0.774 ± 0.012✝ | 0.936 ± 0.013✝ | 1.086 ± 0.013✝ |
| Mexican American | 1.032 ± 0.037✝ | 0.984 ± 0.044✝ | 0.963 ± 0.033✝ | 1.261 ± 0.033✝ | ||
| Other Hispanic | 0.608 ± 0.039✝ | 0.237 ± 0.035✝ | 0.562 ± 0.036✝ | 0.639 ± 0.031✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.803 ± 0.011✝ | -- | 0.748 ± 0.009✝ | 0.674 ± 0.007✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.425 ± 0.033✝ | 1.245 ± 0.037✝ | 1.48 ± 0.032✝ | 1.561 ± 0.03✝ | ||
| All Other People | 0.439 ± 0.055✝ | -- | 0.44 ± 0.053✝ | 0.667 ± 0.062✝ | ||
| Odds of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy given Food Insecurity | Total Population | 1.034 ± 0.036✝ | 1.381 ± 0.024✝ | 1.046 ± 0.037✝ | ||
| Mexican American | 0.913 ± 0.072✝ | 1.012 ± 0.051✝ | 0.952 ± 0.076✝ | |||
| Other Hispanic | 1.054 ± 0.094✝ | 1.462 ± 0.066✝ | 1.141 ± 0.099✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.999 ± 0.083✝ | 1.023 ± 0.055✝ | 0.979 ± 0.084✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.068 ± 0.064✝ | 1.754 ± 0.043✝ | 1.048 ± 0.066✝ | |||
| All Other People | 1.052 ± 0.143✝ | 0.973 ± 0.06✝ | 1.01 ± 0.144✝ | |||
| Male Cohort | RR of Osteoporosis given Food Insecurity | Total Population | 0.669 ± 0.007✝ | 0.802 ± 0.014✝ | 0.864 ± 0.003✝ | 0.898 ± 0.006✝ |
| Mexican American | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Other Hispanic | -- | -- | -- | 0.925 ± 0.019 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.599 ± 0.027✝ | 1.139 ± 0.013✝ | 1.826 ± 0.02✝ | 1.788 ± 0.015✝ | ||
| All Other People | -- | 5 ± 0.183✝ | 3.2 ± 0.103✝ | 1.613 ± 0.062✝ | ||
| Odds of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy given Food Insecurity | Total Population | 1.16 ± 0.032✝ | 1.289 ± 0.029✝ | 1.105 ± 0.036✝ | ||
| Mexican American | 1.293 ± 0.065✝ | 1.269 ± 0.057✝ | 1.16 ± 0.07✝ | |||
| Other Hispanic | 0.986 ± 0.084✝ | 1.095 ± 0.074✝ | 0.938 ± 0.092✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.101 ± 0.076✝ | 1.098 ± 0.067✝ | 1.09 ± 0.083✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.092 ± 0.057✝ | 1.431 ± 0.055✝ | 1.115 ± 0.067✝ | |||
| All Other People | 1.068 ± 0.14✝ | 1.076 ± 0.108✝ | 1.008 ± 0.152✝ | |||
| All | RR of Osteoporosis given Food Insecurity | Total Population | 0.9 ± 0.007✝ | 0.817 ± 0.003✝ | 0.931 ± 0.006✝ | 1.074 ± 0.006✝ |
| Mexican American | 0.702 ± 0.016✝ | 0.659 ± 0.012✝ | 0.671 ± 0.012✝ | 0.94 ± 0.013✝ | ||
| Other Hispanic | 0.584 ± 0.021✝ | 0.262 ± 0.029✝ | 0.57 ± 0.015✝ | 0.69 ± 0.017✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.856 ± 0.003✝ | 0.593 ± 0.032✝ | 0.81 ± 0.002✝ | 0.758 ± 0.002✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.499 ± 0.023✝ | 1.361 ± 0.016✝ | 1.593 ± 0.02✝ | 1.681 ± 0.017✝ | ||
| All Other People | 0.614 ± 0.039✝ | 1.367 ± 0.066✝ | 0.838 ± 0.041✝ | 0.895 ± 0.041✝ | ||
| Odds of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy given Food Insecurity | Total Population | 0.184 ± 0.013✝ | 0.225 ± 0.014✝ | 0.182 ± 0.012✝ | ||
| Mexican American | 0.324 ± 0.031✝ | 0.347 ± 0.032✝ | 0.317 ± 0.03✝ | |||
| Other Hispanic | 0.324 ± 0.037 | 0.401 ± 0.04✝ | 0.332 ± 0.036✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.225 ± 0.028 | 0.225 ± 0.03 | 0.221 ± 0.027 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 0.099 ± 0.019 | 0.142 ± 0.023 | 0.098 ± 0.018 | |||
| All Other People | 0.158 ± 0.046✝ | 0.146 ± 0.06✝ | 0.149 ± 0.044✝ | |||
Reported means and standard deviations
✝: indicates statistically significant result (one-tailed p value < 0.25%). “—”indicates insufficient sample sizes for statistical analysis or non-applicable.