Table 6. Influence of SNAP participation on RR of nutrient intake & osteoporosis with analysis by ethnicity and gender, age 50 and older.
| Test | Population | Calcium Intake Inadequate, Poverty versus Non-poverty | Vitamin D Intake Inadequate, Poverty versus Non-poverty | Calcium & Vitamin D Supplement Users, Poverty versus Non-poverty | RR of Osteoporosis, Poverty versus Non-poverty | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female Cohort | RR of Osteoporosis given SNAP participation | Total Population | 0.992 ± 0.013 | 0.998 ± 0.015 | 0.522 ± 0.012✝ | 0.937 ± 0.011✝ |
| Mexican American | 1.723 ± 0.053✝ | 1.538 ± 0.058✝ | -- | 1.132 ± 0.033✝ | ||
| Other Hispanic | 0.239 ± 0.025✝ | -- | -- | 0.313 ± 0.021✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.229 ± 0.012✝ | -- | -- | 1.103 ± 0.009✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.339 ± 0.027✝ | 1.435 ± 0.037✝ | 0.669 ± 0.023✝ | 1.365 ± 0.023✝ | ||
| All Other People | -- | -- | -- | 0.5 ± 0.063✝ | ||
| Odds of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy given SNAP participation | Total Population | 1.052 ± 0.036✝ | 1.33 ± 0.022✝ | 0.849 ± 0.015✝ | ||
| Mexican American | 0.884 ± 0.075✝ | 1.111 ± 0.055✝ | 1.399 ± 0.042✝ | |||
| Other Hispanic | 0.984 ± 0.102✝ | 0.907 ± 0.057✝ | 1.184 ± 0.043✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.098 ± 0.08✝ | 1.138 ± 0.052✝ | 0.607 ± 0.015✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.083 ± 0.06✝ | 1.707 ± 0.038✝ | 0.761 ± 0.027✝ | |||
| All Other People | 1.015 ± 0.169✝ | 0.463 ± 0.022✝ | 1.096 ± 0.082✝ | |||
| Male Cohort | RR of Osteoporosis given SNAP participation | Total Population | 1.558 ± 0.003✝ | 2.6 ± 0.007✝ | 2.024 ± 0.006✝ | 1.965 ± 0.003✝ |
| Mexican American | -- | -- | -- | -- | ||
| Other Hispanic | -- | -- | 5.6 ± 0.082✝ | 5.164 ± 0.029✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6.556 ± 0.036✝ | -- | -- | 4.793 ± 0.026 | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.599 ± 0.02✝ | 1.955 ± 0.009✝ | 3.105 ± 0.013✝ | 2.1 ± 0.01✝ | ||
| All Other People | 2.25 ± 0.057✝ | 6.15 ± 0.113✝ | -- | 1.41 ± 0.027✝ | ||
| Odds of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy given SNAP participation | Total Population | 1.014 ± 0.03✝ | 1.089 ± 0.027✝ | 1.068 ± 0.023✝ | ||
| Mexican American | 0.81 ± 0.066✝ | 1.093 ± 0.072✝ | 1.194 ± 0.065✝ | |||
| Other Hispanic | 0.98 ± 0.088✝ | 0.837 ± 0.074✝ | 1.476 ± 0.065✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.097 ± 0.066✝ | 1.013 ± 0.058✝ | 0.944 ± 0.035✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 0.915 ± 0.047✝ | 1.122 ± 0.045✝ | 1.099 ± 0.046✝ | |||
| All Other People | 0.94 ± 0.1✝ | 1.032 ± 0.083✝ | 1.33 ± 0.084✝ | |||
| All | RR of Osteoporosis given SNAP participation | Total Population | 1.104 ± 0.007✝ | 1.347 ± 0.007✝ | 0.857 ± 0.002✝ | 1.141 ± 0.005✝ |
| Mexican American | 1.695 ± 0.031✝ | 1.621 ± 0.03✝ | -- | 1.181 ± 0.015✝ | ||
| Other Hispanic | 0.327 ± 0.013✝ | -- | 2.267 ± 0.053✝ | 0.727 ± 0.014✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.766 ± 0.006✝ | 1.373 ± 0.01✝ | -- | 1.554 ± 0.003✝ | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1.455 ± 0.018 | 1.775 ± 0.02✝ | 1.157 ± 0.008✝ | 1.576 ± 0.013✝ | ||
| All Other People | 0.643 ± 0.033✝ | 2.278 ± 0.086✝ | -- | 0.646 ± 0.026✝ | ||
| Odds of Nutrient Intake Inadequacy given SNAP participation | Total Population | 0.172 ± 0.012✝ | 0.199 ± 0.014✝ | 0.975 ± 0.014✝ | ||
| Mexican American | 0.169 ± 0.031 | 0.212 ± 0.031 | 1.215 ± 0.037✝ | |||
| Other Hispanic | 0.224 ± 0.036 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | 1.375 ± 0.039✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.311 ± 0.027✝ | 0.304 ± 0.028✝ | 0.824 ± 0.02✝ | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 0.109 ± 0.019 | 0.146 ± 0.023 | 0.934 ± 0.026✝ | |||
| All Other People | 0.151 ± 0.045✝ | 0.146 ± 0.058✝ | 1.394 ± 0.061✝ | |||
Reported means and standard deviations
✝: indicates statistically significant result (one-tailed p value < 0.25%). “—”indicates insufficient sample sizes for statistical analysis or non-applicable.