Fig 3. JNK pathway regulates PPOs expression and PO activity.

Effect of JNK (A) and Puc (B) silence on the expression of PPO1 and PPO2 of pea aphids. The expressions of PPO1and PPO2 were normalized with rpl7 of the pea aphids. The statistical differences between the dsGFP injected groups and dsJNK or dsPuc injected groups were denoted with asterisks. (C) Effect of JNK and Puc silence on the PO activity in the uninfected aphids. (D) Effect of JNK and Puc silence on the PO activity in the aphids infected by M. luteus (M.l) and P. aeruginosa (P.a). For (C) and (D), twenty aphids for the sample per group at each time point were used for measurements of PO activity. The statistical differences between the compared groups were denoted with asterisks. For (A-D), the values shown are the mean (±SEM) of three independent experiments. P-values were determined by Student’s t test. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.