Absence of CD4 results in severe spinal cord axonal injury upon RSA59 infection at the chronic stage. (A and B) Toluidine blue-stained sections. Posterior columns (magnification, ×200 [A] and ×1,000 [B]) demonstrating clusters of degenerating axons. Arrows, degenerating axons; asterisks, swollen myelin sheaths. (C and D) Corresponding electron microscopy. (C) Swollen myelin sheaths with loss of axoplasm (magnification, ×7,500). (D) Cluster of degenerating axons with collapsed myelin sheaths (magnification, ×10,000). The arrow shows the corresponding area on the toluidine blue-stained section. Scale bars, 2 μm. The data represent the results from 3 independent biological experiments.