FIG 5.

PTCs maintain viral control and preserve immune homeostasis during ATI. (A) Longitudinal CD4 counts in peripheral blood. (B to D) Longitudinal frequency of total CD4 T cells (B), Th17 cells (C), and proliferating CD4 T cells (D) in rectal biopsy samples. (E and F) Longitudinal SIV DNA levels in PBMC (E) and rectal biopsy samples (F). Data shown as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). PTCs 1 to 5 and NCs 1 to 9 were included in this analysis. See the Materials and Methods for time point definitions. Shaded area designates period for which animals were on ART. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.005; ***, P < 0.0005.