Table 1.
Summary of All Included Articles and References (N = 22).
| Peer-reviewed journal articles (PubMed) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Reference | Sample and setting | Methodology |
| Brower et al. (2000) | 861 Patients with Acute Lung Injury (10 U.S. university centers of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) | Research Study (multicenter, randomized trial) |
| MacDowell et al. (2010) | Survey conducted of 1031 rural hospital CEOs identified by regional/state Area Health Education Center (A nationwide U.S. survey; analyses from 335 respondents (34.4%) representative of rural hospital CEOs in the United States are presented) | Research Study (a multi-step, nationwide U.S. survey) |
| Skoufalos et al. (2017) | Proceedings of the 2017 Connectivity Summit on Rural Aging | Conference proceeding |
| Valley et al. (2015) | Medicare beneficiaries (aged > 64 years) admitted to 2988 acute care hospitals in the United States with pneumonia from 2010 to 2012 | Research Study (retrospective cohort study) |
| Non–peer-reviewed articles (hand search on Google for webpages and interviews) | ||
| Reference | Setting | Method |
| Advisory Board (2020) | New York City | News Article |
| Baptist Health (2020) | Baptist Health-Heber Springs (Arkansas) | News Article |
| Carey (2020) | Rural Hospitals in the United States | News Article |
| Elehwany (2020) | United States | News Article |
| Goldman (2020) | New York City | News Article |
| Harris & Sellers (2020) | New York City | News Article |
| Klein & Hostetter (2020) | Rural Hospital outside of Minneapolis | Interview |
| Mansoor (2020) | New York State | News Article with Interview |
| Ramsey & Burke (2020) | New York City | News Article |
| Sepkowitz (2020) | Rural United States | Interview |
| Velasquez & Smith (2020) | New York City | News Article |
| Wight (2020) | Rural Maine | News Article |
| Government and non-government agency reports (hand search on Google) | ||
| Reference | Setting | Methodology |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020) | COVID-19 Severe Case Patients within the United States (49 states, the District of Columbia, and three U.S. territories from February 12 to March 16) | Health Protection Agency (National Report) |
| Halpern et al. (2020) | ICU Capacity Statistics (2018 proprietary data set from the American Hospital Association of most nonfederal hospitals in the United States) | National Report |
| U.S. Census Bureau (2018) | List of Rural Counties in the United States (Updated Census 2010) | U.S. Census Bureau Report |
| Schulte et al. (2020) | Older Americans living in counties with no ICU beds (Kaiser Health News identified the number of ICU beds each hospital reported in its most recent financial cost report, filed annually to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; included beds reported in the categories of intensive care unit, surgical intensive care unit, coronary care unit and burn intensive care unit; Veterans hospitals were not included) | National Report |
| Smith & Trevelyn (2019) | The older adult population in the Rural United States (2012–2016 American Community Survey data) | U.S. Census Bureau Report |
| CDC (2020) | Older adults in the United States | Health Protection Agency (National Report) |
Note. COVID = coronavirus disease; ICU = intensive care unit.