Table 2. Cardiorenal syndrome classification system by Hatamizadeh et al.

CRS category (subclassified)	Manifestation
Haemodynamic (acute/chronic)	Renal dysfunction due to cardiac output
Uremic (acute/chronic)	Uremic cardiomyopathy, Uremic pleuritis, Uremic pericarditis
Vascular (acute/chronic)	Coronary artery disease, Renal artery thrombosis, Renal artery stenosis
Neurohumoral (acute/chronic)	Abnormal serum calcium, potassium, magnesium and activated RAAS
Anemia and/or iron metabolism (acute/chronic)	Iron deficiency, Renal tubularinjury, Infection, Folate deficiency
Mineral metabolism (mostly chronic)	Vitamin D, Elevated FGF 23, Hypercalcemia, Hyperphosphatemia
Malnutrition/inflammation-cachexia (mostly chronic)	Cachexia, malnutrition and inflammation

Abbreviations: RAAS: Renin-Angiotensin system, FGF-23: Fibroblast Growth Factor 23.