Table 3.
Sensitivity analysis: adjusted associations of FPG, 2-hr PPPG, GDM status at 26 weeks’ gestation with cIMT, cfPWV, AIx, AIx@75 SBP and DBP at age 6 years excluding preterm children or mothers with GDM or children with negative AIxa
| cIMT, per 10 mm | cfPWV, m/s | AIx, % | AIx@75, % | SBP, mmHg | DBP, mmHg | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β [CI 95%] | β [CI 95%] | β [CI 95%] | β [CI 95%] | β [CI 95%] | β [CI 95%] | |
| Excluding preterm children | n = 447 | n = 447 | n = 447 | n = 447 | n = 421 | n = 421 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 0.09 [0.02; 0.15]b | 0.10 [-0.15; 0.36] | 0.04 [-2.09; 2.17] | 0.00 [-2.13; 2.14] | 1.45 [-0.34; 3.24] | 0.07 [-1.30; 1.44] |
| 2-hr PPPG, mmol/L | 0.01 [-0.01; 0.03] | 0.09 [0.00; 0.17]b | 0.75 [0.06; 1.43]b | 0.94 [0.26; 1.63]b | 0.03 [-0.56; 0.62] | -0.31 [-0.76; 0.13] |
| GDMc | 0.02 [-0.06; 0.10] | 0.20 [-0.09; 0.49] | 2.37 [-0.06; 4.81] | 2.39 [0.49; 5.36]b | 0.89 [-1.22; 3.01] | 0.16 [-1.45; 1.77] |
| Excluding mothers with GDM | n = 395 | n = 395 | n = 395 | n = 395 | n = 373 | n = 373 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 0.09 [0.01; 0.17] | 0.12 [-0.18; 0.42] | -0.41 [-3.18; 2.36] | -0.57 [-3.37; 2.22] | 1.75 [-0.45; 3.95] | 0.49 [-1.18; 2.16] |
| 2-hr PPPG, mmol/L | 0.02 [-0.01; 0.05] | 0.04 [-0.07; 0.16] | 0.71 [-0.34; 1.76] | 0.79 [-0.27; 1.84] | 0.07 [-0.76; 0.90] | -0.41 [-1.04; 0.22] |
| Excluding negative AIx | n = 459 | n = 459 | n = 459 | n = 459 | n = 434 | n = 434 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 0.07 [0.00; 0.14] b | 0.12 [-0.14; 0.38] | -0.95 [-2.84; 0.95] | -0.76 [-2.67; 1.15] | 1.55 [-0.26; 3.37] | 0.22 [-1.16; 1.60] |
| 2-hr PPPG, mmol/L | 0.01 [-0.01; 0.03] | 0.06 [-0.02; 0.14] | 0.49 [-0.10; 1.08] | 0.62 [0.03; 1.21]b | -0.05 [-0.62; 0.53] | -0.40 [-0.83; 0.03] |
| GDMc | 0.02 [-0.06; 0.09] | 0.20 [-0.08; 0.49] | 1.63 [-0.46; 3.72] | 2.09 [-0.02; 4.19]b | 0.53 [-1.53; 2.59] | 0.08 [-1.49; 1.64] |
Multiple linear and logistic regressions on multiple imputed datasets (n=20) also adjusted for study center, child’s sex, paternal height, maternal characteristics (ethnicity, age at delivery, height, pre-pregnancy BMI, educational attainment, BP category before 20 weeks’ gestation, active smoking status at 26 weeks’ gestation, exposure to tobacco at home and/or work in early pregnancy and at 26 weeks).
P-value<0.05.
GDM defined using WHO 1999 criteria.
Abbreviations: cIMT: carotid intima media thickness, cfPWV: carotid femoral pulse wave velocity, AIx: augmentation index, AIx@75: augmentation index normalized to a heart rate of 75 beats/min, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, PPPG: postprandial plasma glucose, GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus.