Extended Data Fig. 7. L_m, L_p and W_s values in tumors simulated under monoclonal versus polyclonal seeding.

The number of SSNVs in each of the three categories (M-private clonal or L_m, P-private clonal or L_p, P/M shared subclonal or W_s) in the simulated data generated by modeling monoclonal seeding or polyclonal seeding within an agent-based model (Methods) where one sample (~10⁶ cells) was biopsied from each primary tumor and metastasis. We employed a mutation rate u=0.6 per cell division in exonic regions (corresponding to 10⁻⁸ per site per cell division in the 60Mb diploid coding regions). In order to account for varying scenarios of tumor growth dynamics, selection and timing of metastatic dissemination, the birth probability b of founding cells, selection coefficient s and primary tumor size at dissemination N_d was randomly sampled from a uniform distribution, b~U(0.55, 0.65), log10(s)~U(−3,−1) and log10(N_d)~U(4,8), respectively. A total of n=500 virtual P/M pairs were simulated under monoclonal seeding and polyclonal seeding by randomly sampling these three parameters. Bar, median; box, 25th to 75th percentile (interquartile range, IQR); vertical line, data within 1.5 times the IQR.