MiRNAs involved in CVB3-induced VMC. CVB3 induced VMC through direct myocardial injury by virus and indirect myocardial injury mediated by the immune system. On one hand, miRNAs regulate viral life cycle (viral replication and host cell apoptosis) by targeting virus genome or host genes in CVB3-induced VMC. On the other hand, miRNAs control immune response by targeting host genes in CVB3-induced VMC. On the upper-left panel, miR-342-5p, /-10a*, /-203, /-20b, /-590-5p, /-126, /-221, and /- 222 involved in viral replication by targeting viral genome or host genes. On the lower-left panel, miR-34a, /-222, /-98, and /-21 involved in host apoptosis. On the upper-right panel, miR-30a, /-181d, /-214, /-10a, /-15, /-381, /-133b, /-27b, and /-155 involved in cytokines production. On the lower-right panel, miR-21, /-146b, /-155, and /-223 involved in immune cells differentiate and activation. Upregulated microRNAs in CVB3 infection are in red, while the downregulated are in green. The microRNA whose expression level were not stated in the original article is in black, and the microRNA whose expression level were contradictory in different studies is in brown. Mø, macrophages.