TABLE 3.
Mendelian randomization results.
| BMI | WHR | WHRadjBMI | ||||||||
| Outcome | Method | nSNP | OR (95% CI) | P | nSNP | OR (95% CI) | P | nSNP | OR (95% CI) | P |
| T2DM | ||||||||||
| IVW | 446 | 2.741(2.421,3.104) | 6.12E-57 | 276 | 3.12(2.653,3.668) | 3.87E-43 | 237 | 1.993(1.704,2.33) | 5.59E-18 | |
| MR–PRESSO (Outlier-corrected) | 433 | 3.064(2.871,3.271) | 9.15E-123 | 254 | 3.543(3.164,3.968) | 2.67E-60 | 211 | 2.117(1.908,2.35) | 3.06E-32 | |
| Multivariable MR | 842 | 3.338(2.625,4.246) | 1.47E-20 | 672 | 2.887(2.54,3.281) | 3.66E-50 | 633 | 2.105(1.755,2.524) | 8.57E-15 | |
| Weighted median | 446 | 2.835(2.576,3.12) | 6.18E-101 | 276 | 2.769(2.43,3.156) | 1.02E-52 | 237 | 1.983(1.764,2.229) | 1.74E-30 | |
| MR–Egger | 446 | 2.829(2.042,3.918) | 9.28E-10 | 276 | 1.894(1.109,3.234) | 0.020 | 237 | 1.699(1.087,2.656) | 0.0201 | |
| HOMA-IR | ||||||||||
| IVW | 447 | 1.221(1.187,1.255) | 6.69E-44 | 278 | 1.203(1.155,1.252) | 4.03E-19 | 238 | 1.127(1.088,1.167) | 3.69E-11 | |
| MR–PRESSO (Outlier-corrected) | 446 | 1.223(1.19,1.258) | 5.15E-38 | 278 | NA | NA | 238 | NA | NA | |
| Multivariable MR | 723 | 1.294(1.187,1.411) | 1.29E-08 | 554 | 1.192(1.148,1.237) | 1.28E-18 | 529 | 1.197(1.134,1.262) | 1.61E-10 | |
| Weighted median | 447 | 1.214(1.161,1.27) | 2.79E-17 | 278 | 1.18(1.114,1.251) | 2.25E-08 | 238 | 1.128(1.07,1.188) | 6.90E-06 | |
| MR–Egger | 447 | 1.255(1.165,1.352) | 4.41E-09 | 278 | 1.175(1.024,1.348) | 0.022 | 238 | 1.199(1.089,1.32) | 2.72E-3 | |
| HbA1c | ||||||||||
| IVW | 446 | 1.054(1.04,1.068) | 4.99E-14 | 280 | 1.075(1.056,1.095) | 1.13E-14 | 239 | 1.061(1.042,1.08) | 3.85E-11 | |
| MR–PRESSO (Outlier-corrected) | 441 | 1.05(1.036,1.064) | 9.67E-13 | 278 | 1.075(1.056,1.094) | 4.41E-14 | 235 | 1.054(1.037,1.072) | 1.61E-09 | |
| Multivariable MR | 735 | 1.076(1.031,1.123) | 8.11E-3 | 569 | 1.074(1.055,1.093) | 5.04E-14 | 543 | 1.065(1.038,1.094) | 3.79E-06 | |
| Weighted median | 446 | 1.06(1.04,1.081) | 3.83E-09 | 280 | 1.07(1.044,1.096) | 4.60E-08 | 239 | 1.059(1.034,1.085) | 2.08E-06 | |
| MR–Egger | 446 | 1.06(1.024,1.099) | 0.001 | 280 | 1.062(0.998,1.131) | 0.058 | 239 | 1.084(1.033,1.137) | 0.001 | |
| Fasting insulin | ||||||||||
| IVW | 449 | 1.202(1.173,1.231) | 4.73E-50 | 281 | 1.193(1.153,1.234) | 2.28E-24 | 240 | 1.102(1.068,1.136) | 6.37E-10 | |
| MR–PRESSO (Outlier-corrected) | 446 | 1.198(1.17,1.226) | 4.55E-42 | 280 | 1.201(1.162,1.241) | 3.45E-23 | 237 | 1.108(1.077,1.141) | 2.80E-11 | |
| Multivariable MR | 742 | 1.298(1.204,1.4) | 6.62E-11 | 574 | 1.184(1.147,1.223) | 5.81E-23 | 548 | 1.179(1.125,1.235) | 2.18E-11 | |
| Weighted median | 449 | 1.213(1.168,1.26) | 1.54E-23 | 281 | 1.187(1.136,1.24) | 1.41E-14 | 240 | 1.129(1.083,1.177) | 1.03E-08 | |
| MR–Egger | 449 | 1.209(1.134,1.289) | 1.06E-08 | 281 | 1.18(1.052,1.324) | 0.005 | 240 | 1.2(1.105,1.304) | 2.29E-05 | |
| Fasting glucose | ||||||||||
| IVW | 449 | 1.073(1.048,1.099) | 4.53E-09 | 281 | 1.087(1.054,1.12) | 8.78E-08 | 240 | 1.039(1.012,1.067) | 0.004 | |
| MR–PRESSO (Outlier-corrected) | 446 | 1.083(1.059,1.107) | 7.61E-12 | 278 | 1.098(1.067,1.13) | 7.19E-10 | 239 | 1.044(1.017,1.072) | 0.001 | |
| Multivariable MR | 742 | 1.025(0.947,1.109) | 0.546 | 574 | 1.067(1.034,1.102) | 8.18E-05 | 548 | 1.019(0.971,1.069) | 0.443 | |
| Weighted median | 449 | 1.077(1.041,1.114) | 1.88E-05 | 281 | 1.092(1.048,1.138) | 2.60E-05 | 240 | 1.058(1.017,1.101) | 0.005 | |
| MR–Egger | 449 | 1.067(1.002,1.136) | 0.043 | 281 | 1.091(0.984,1.209) | 0.098 | 240 | 1.075(1.001,1.155) | 0.049 | |
WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; BMI, body mass index; WHRadjBMI, waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes; SD, standard deviation; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; nSNP, numbers of the SNPs (instrumental variable) used in Mendelian randomization; IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MR–egger, Mendelian randomization–Egger regression; MR–PRESSO, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.