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. 2020 Mar 14;154(1):55–75. doi: 10.1007/s00418-020-01861-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

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Fig. 6 — Expression of CD38 by icIg⁺ PCs in GCs. a Distribution of surface and icIgD in an icIgD⁺ GC. A minority of GCs contain a large number of IgD^+ + PCs and also weakly IgD ⁺ cells (cell surface or intracellular staining). The mantle zone (brown, right) is formed by small recirculating surface IgD⁺ B-lymphocytes. b GC stained first for CD38 (mAb SPC32, blue) and then for IgD (polyclonal Abs, brown). The dark blue PCs may be single or double positive. The entire GC is occupied by weakly IgD⁺ cells. These cells are less intensely stained than the surface IgD⁺ cells in the mantle zone (right). c Visualisation of CD38 in blue and icIgM in brown. The mantle zone is directed towards the left part of the image. d Higher magnification of area marked in c. There are several icIgM⁺ cells with low or absent staining for CD38. Weak surface staining of IgM⁺ mantle zone cells and staining of IgM⁺ immune complexes on FDCs is accepted in c and d to increase the sensitivity of the method. e In contrast to icIgM, staining for CD38 (mAb SPC32, blue-black) and icIgG (mAb RWP49, brown) reveals only very few icIgG⁺CD38^± cells in this specimen. The right part of the GC contains the dark zone. f Higher magnification of area indicated in e. The crypt epithelium is located near the upper margin or upper right margin of the images in a–c and near the left margin in e. a–f 38-year-old female. Scale bars 70 µm (a–c), 14 µm (d), 100 µm (e), and 20 µm (f)